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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

4-Fluoro-2-methoxyphenol, an apocynin analog with enhanced inhibitory effect on leukocyte oxidant production and phagocytosis

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Author(s):
de Almeida, Ana Carolina [1] ; Marques, Otavio Cabral [2] ; Arslanian, Christina [2] ; Condino-Neto, Antonio [2] ; Ximenes, Valdecir F. [1]
Total Authors: 5
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, Bauru, SP - Brazil
[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 2
Document type: Journal article
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology; v. 660, n. 2-3, p. 445-453, JUN 25 2011.
Web of Science Citations: 12
Abstract

Apocynin, a methoxy-substituted catechol (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone), originally extracted from the roots of Picrorhiza kurroa, has been extensively used as a non-toxic inhibitor of the multienzymatic complex NADPH oxidase. We discovered that the analogous methoxy-substituted catechol, 4-Fluoro-2-methoxyphenol (F-apocynin), in which the acetyl group present in apocynin was changed to a fluorine atom, was significantly more potent as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) chlorinating activity and phagocytosis of microorganisms by neutrophils; it was also as potent as apocynin in inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We attribute the increased potency of F-apocynin to its increased lipophilicity, which could facilitate the passage of the drug through the cell membrane. The inhibition of MPO chlorination activity, phagocytosis and TNF alpha release shows that apocynin and F-apocynin actions are not restricted to reactive oxygen species inhibition, but further studies are needed to clarify if these mechanisms are related. Like apocynin, F-apocynin did not show cell toxicity, and is a strong candidate for use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)