Thermochromic materials for building Applications: Overview through a bibliometric analysis

Author(s)

Hidalgo-Araujo, Ana Carolina ; Salomao, Rafael ; Berardi, Umberto ; Dornelles, Kelen Almeida

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Solar Energy; v. 293, p. 13-pg., 2025-06-01.

Abstract

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of thermochromic materials for building applications to identify research trends, gaps, and future opportunities. The study reviewed 571 publications selected from the Scopus database. It examines global research patterns, including publication trends, patent activity, geographic distribution, leading authors, and growth trends. Key findings highlight the dominance of inorganic pigments, such as vanadium dioxide (VO2), in smart window applications. In contrast, organic thermochromic pigments remain less explored due to challenges such as photodegradation, despite their potential to improve energy efficiency. Emerging nanotechnologies based on hydrogels and perovskites are promising ways to improve the stability and multifunctionality of thermochromic materials. In contrast, additives such as TiO2 and SiO2 can help address durability and photodegradation issues. Although glass applications dominate the research, the potential for thermochromic coatings on roofs and walls remains underexplored. The study highlights ongoing challenges, including the need for improved durability, cost-effective solutions, and multifunctional capabilities. It emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to accelerate innovation and drive significant advances in thermochromic materials for building applications, ultimately promoting their wider implementation. Continued research is essential to achieve the full potential of these materials for energy-efficient and climateresponsive buildings. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 24/00850-9 - Characterization and thermo-energetic simulation of multifunctional tiles
• Grantee: Ana Carolina Hidalgo Araujo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 24/10060-5 - COATINGS FOR THE BUILDING ENVELOPE AND THE AGING ASSESSMENT OF ABSORPTANCE TO SOLAR RADIATION: proposition of a national method for accelerated aging practice
• Grantee: Kelen Almeida Dornelles
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 22/03655-7 - Reducing energy losses in industrial processes with high-efficiency thermal insulation of microporous castable calcium silicate produced from elements of biomass: eggshells and rice husk ash
• Grantee: Rafael Salomão
• Support Opportunities: Program for Research on Bioenergy (BIOEN) - Regular Program Grants
• FAPESP's process: 22/14074-5 - Thermochromic and self-cleaning tiles: an adaptive and resilient roof
• Grantee: Ana Carolina Hidalgo Araujo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate