In Vivo Assessment of Silica-coated Titanium Implants for Improved Osseointegration: a Systematic Review

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Santo, Giovanna do Espirito ; Alqualo, Amanda Sardeli ; Amaral, Gustavo Oliva ; de Souza, Amanda ; Garcia-Motta, Homero ; Merlo, Julieta Leticia ; Viegas, Beatriz Louise Mendes ; Prado, Joao Paulo dos Santos ; Sousa, Karolyne dos Santos Jorge ; Zaratin, Rafael Anaya da Silva ; Granito, Renata Neves ; Ribeiro, Daniel Araki ; Cere, Silvia Marcela ; Renno, Ana Claudia

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE; v. N/A, p. 17-pg., 2025-03-25.

Abstract

Fractures treated with immobilization or surgery one of the most common materials used for fracture treatment is titanium (Ti) due to its mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the intention to improve Ti alloys has encouraged the exploration of bioceramic coatings like hydroxyapatite (HA), bioglass (BG), and silica (Si). Despite the high costs of HA and BG coatings, Si-coated implants offer an effective alternative. In this context, this systematic review aimed to examine the impact of Si-coated Ti implants on bone healing through in vivo animal studies. The search was conducted according to the orientations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and the SYRCLE Tool for Quality Assessment. The descriptors of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were defined: (coat*) AND ((bone tissue) OR (hard tissue)) AND ((in vivo) OR (animal)) AND ((silica) OR (silicon dioxide)) AND ((Ti) OR (titanium)). A total of 10 articles were included in the review. Results assessed via histological analysis and macroscopic evaluation showed successful osseointegration and new bone deposition. Also, the implants have not exhibited any sites of inflammation. In conclusion, this review confirms the considerable advantages of incorporating Si to enhance the biological properties of Ti implants for bone regeneration. Lay SummaryTitanium (Ti) is a common material for fracture treatment due to its strength and biocompatibility. To improve its properties, bioceramic coatings like hydroxyapatite (HA), bioglass (BG), and silica (Si) have been studied. This review focused on silica-coated Ti implants, a cost-effective alternative to HA and BG, and their effects on bone healing in animal studies. Analyzing 10 studies, researchers found that silica coatings enhanced osseointegration, stimulated new bone growth, and caused no inflammation. These results confirm silica's potential to improve Ti implants, offering an effective solution for fracture treatment and bone regeneration. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 22/04433-8 - Manufacture of 3D marine sponge from biosilica scaffolds for use in bone tissue engineering and their evaluation of biological effects in vitro
• Grantee: Giovanna do Espirito Santo
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master