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Experimental bilayer zirconia systems after aging: Mechanical, optical, and microstructural characterization

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Sousa, Edisa O. ; Alves, Larissa M. M. ; Campos, Tiago M. B. ; Bergamo, Edmara T. P. ; Benalcazar-Jalkh, Ernesto B. ; Marun, Manoela M. ; Galli, Mateus Z. ; Carvalho, Laura F. ; dos Santos, Claudinei ; Tebcherani, Sergio M. ; Thim, Gilmar Patrocinio ; Zhang, Yu ; Yamaguchi, Satoshi ; Witek, Lukasz ; Coelho, Paulo G. ; Bonfante, Estevam A.
Total Authors: 16
Document type: Journal article
Source: Dental Materials; v. 41, n. 4, p. 11-pg., 2025-02-28.
Abstract

Objectives: To characterize two experimental zirconia bilayer materials compared to their monolithic controls, before and after hydrothermal aging. Methods: Commercial zirconia powders were utilized to fabricate two bilayer materials: 3Y-TZP+ 5Y-PSZ (3Y+5Y/BI) and 4Y-PSZ+ 5Y-PSZ (4Y+5Y/BI), alongside control groups 3Y-TZP (3Y/C), 4Y-PSZ (4Y/C), and 5YPSZ (5Y/C). Compacted specimens were sintered (1550 degrees C- 2 h, 3 degrees C/min), and half of them underwent hydrothermal aging (134 degrees C-20h, 2.2 bar). Characterizations were performed through scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, reflectance tests and biaxial flexural strength test (ISO:6872). Weibull statistics were applied to determine the characteristic strength and Weibull modulus. Grain size and optical properties were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. Results: Degradation regions and monoclinic phase were observed at aged 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ surfaces. Significant differences were observed in the evaluation of optical properties between the bilayer and control groups. The bilayer materials presented intermediate characteristic strength values compared to their controls and aging significantly increased the strength of some groups. Significance: Experimental bilayer materials presented lower mechanical properties than monolithic controls, 3Y/ C and 4Y/C. Hydrothermal aging increased the characteristic strength of bilayered and monolithic controls, except for 5Y-PSZ. Both experimental bilayer systems, as well as monolithic controls, met the ISO 6872:2015 requirements for single-unit crowns (100 MPa), 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) up to premolars (300 MPa), and 3-unit FDPs involving molars (500 MPa). However, for FDPs with four or more units, only monolithic 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ, and bilayered 3Y+5Y met the required minimum flexural strength (>= 800 MPa). (AU)

FAPESP's process: 22/05496-3 - Multi-user equipment approved in grant 21/06730-7: Macrodurômetro VH1150 - Buehler
Grantee:Estevam Augusto Bonfante
Support Opportunities: Multi-user Equipment Program
FAPESP's process: 23/02142-9 - Nanomechanical characterization of an experimental bilayered zirconia system
Grantee:Edisa de Oliveira Sousa
Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Master's degree
FAPESP's process: 23/07289-8 - Influence of low temperature degradation on the wear resistance of recycled translucent zirconia
Grantee:Larissa Marcia Martins Alves
Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Post-doctor
FAPESP's process: 21/06730-7 - Towards sustainable zirconia recycled from milling waste and boosted by glass infiltration for restorative use, and of the development of strong, graded, and aging resistant multilayered zirconia blocks
Grantee:Estevam Augusto Bonfante
Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants - Phase 2
FAPESP's process: 22/07157-1 - Physical and mechanical characterization of a multilayered system using recycled zirconia
Grantee:Ernesto Byron Benalcazar Jalkh
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
FAPESP's process: 22/05495-7 - Multi-user equipment approved in grant 21/06730-7: ElectroPuls E3000 All-Electric Dynamic Test Instrument, INSTRON
Grantee:Estevam Augusto Bonfante
Support Opportunities: Multi-user Equipment Program
FAPESP's process: 22/07733-2 - Physical and mechanical characterization of a bilayered zirconia system: influence of hydrothermal aging
Grantee:Edisa de Oliveira Sousa
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
FAPESP's process: 20/12874-9 - Infiltration graded by glass in an experimental composite based on whiskers of alumina and zircônia: development, microstructural characterization and optical and mechanical properties
Grantee:Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
FAPESP's process: 21/07440-2 - Graduated glass infiltration in an ultra-translucent zirconia (5Y-PSZ): synthesis, processing and characterization of physical and mechanical properties
Grantee:Larissa Marcia Martins Alves
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral