| Full text | |
| Author(s): |
Total Authors: 3
|
| Affiliation: | [1] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA - USA
[2] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 2
|
| Document type: | Journal article |
| Source: | Annales Geophysicae; v. 29, n. 5, p. 839-849, 2011. |
| Web of Science Citations: | 52 |
| Abstract | |
Minima in geomagnetic activity (MGA) at Earth at the ends of SC23 and SC22 have been identified. The two MGAs (called MGA23 and MGA22, respectively) were present in 2009 and 1997, delayed from the sunspot number minima in 2008 and 1996 by similar to 1/2-1 years. Part of the solar and interplanetary causes of the MGAs were exceptionally low solar (and thus low interplanetary) magnetic fields. Another important factor in MGA23 was the disappearance of equatorial and low latitude coronal holes and the appearance of midlatitude coronal holes. The location of the holes relative to the ecliptic plane led to low solar wind speeds and low IMF (B(z)) variances (sigma(2)(Bz)) and normalized variances (sigma(2)(Bz)/B(0)(2)) at Earth, with concomitant reduced solar wind-magnetospheric energy coupling. One result was the lowest ap indices in the history of ap recording. The results presented here are used to comment on the possible solar and interplanetary causes of the low geomagnetic activity that occurred during the Maunder Minimum. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 08/06650-9 - Study of geoeffective interplanetary structures during intense geomagnetic storms and substorms |
| Grantee: | Walter Demetrio Gonzalez Alarcon |
| Support Opportunities: | Regular Research Grants |