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(Reference retrieved automatically from Google Scholar through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)

Nanometer- and Submicrometer-Sized Hollow Spheres of Chondroitin Sulfate as a Potential Formulation Strategy for Anti-inflammatory Encapsulation

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Author(s):
Reis, Adriano V. [1] ; Guilherme, Marcos R. [1] ; Mattoso, Luiz H. C. [2] ; Rubira, Adley F. [3] ; Tambourgi, Elias B. [1] ; Muniz, Edvani C. [3]
Total Authors: 6
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Engn Quim, Dept Sistemas Quim & Informat DESQ, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP - Brazil
[2] Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Agronegocio, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil
[3] Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Quim, Maringa, Parana - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 3
Document type: Journal article
Source: PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH; v. 26, n. 2, p. 438-444, 2009.
Web of Science Citations: 16
Abstract

Purpose. The synthesis of nanometer and submicrometer hollow particles could be a motivating way to imprint new therapeutic properties into a chondroitin sulfate-based hydrogel formulation. The use of hollowed polymer structures as a formulation strategy is expected to have an impact in the effective therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. Chemical modi. cation of the chondroitin sulfate with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was performed in water under thermal and acid stimuli. The hydrogel spheres were formed upon cross-linking reaction of modified chondroitin sulfate (CSM) in a water-in-benzyl alcohol nano-droplet emulsion. Results. H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectra showed that the carbon-carbon pi-bonds coming from the GMA were incorporated onto backbones of CS. C-13-CP/MAS NMR spectra revealed that the formation of the CSM hydrogel spheres during the dispersion stage occurred by way of carbon-carbon pi-bonds on the CSM structure. The spherical shapes of the particles with diameters in the range of 20 mu m to 500 nm were very clearly verified by SEM images where the dark center and edge of the hollow spheres could be identified easily. Conclusions. Nanometer- and submicrometer-sized hydrogel spheres with hollow interior were produced from chondroitin sulfate by using a new strategy of hydrogel synthesis. (AU)