Effects of leucine supplementation and resistance exercise on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and insulin resistance in rats

Author(s):Show less -

Nicastro, Humberto ^[1] ; Zanchi, Nelo E. ^[2] ; da Luz, Claudia R. ^[1] ; de Moraes, Wilson M. A. M. ^[3] ; Ramona, Pamella ^[4] ; de Siqueira Filho, Mario A. ^[2] ; Chaves, Daniela F. S. ^[1] ; Medeiros, Alessandra ^{[5, 3]} ; Brum, Patricia C. ^[3] ; Dardevet, Dominique ^{[6, 7]} ; Lancha, Jr., Antonio H. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Appl Nutr & Metab, Sch Phys Educ & Sports, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Mol & Cellular Physiol Exercise, Sch Phys Educ & Sports, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Lab Expt Hypertens, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[5] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[6] Clermont Univ, UFR Med, UMR Nutr Humaine 1019, Clermont Ferrand - France

^[7] INRA, UMR Unite Nutr Humaine 1019, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle - France

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: NUTRITION; v. 28, n. 4, p. 465-471, APR 2012.
• Web of Science Citations: 21

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of resistance exercise (RE) and leucine (LEU) supplementation on dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced muscle atrophy and insulin resistance. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into DEXA(DEX), DEXA + RE (DEX-RE), DEXA + LEU (DEX-LEU), and DEXA + RE + LEU (DEX-RE-LEU) groups. Each group received DEXA 5 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1) for 7 d from drinking water and were pair-fed to the DEX group; LEU-supplemented groups received 0.135 g . kg(-1) . d(-1) through gavage for 7 d; the RE protocol was based on three sessions of squat-type exercise composed by three sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of maximal voluntary strength capacity. Results: The plantaris mass was significantly greater in both trained groups compared with the non-trained groups. Muscle cross-sectional area and fiber areas did not differ between groups. Both trained groups displayed significant increases in the number of intermediated fibers (IIa/IIx), a decreased number of fast-twitch fibers (IIb), an increased ratio of the proteins phospho(Ser2448)/ total mammalian target of rapamycin and phospho(Thr389)/total 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase. and a decreased ratio of phospho(Ser253)/total Forkhead box protein-3a. Plasma glucose was significantly increased in the DEX-LEU group compared with the DEX group and RE significantly decreased hyperglycemia. The DEX-LEU group displayed decreased glucose transporter-4 translocation compared with the DEX group and RE restored this response. LEU supplementation worsened insulin sensitivity and did not attenuate muscle wasting in rats treated with DEXA. Conversely, RE modulated glucose homeostasis and fiber type transition in the plantaris muscle. Conclusion: Resistance exercise but not LEU supplementation promoted fiber type transition and improved glucose homeostasis in DEXA-treated rats. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/10852-6 - Effects of leucine supplementation on protein signalling pathways of protein syntheis in muscle soleus and EDL of young and old rats
• Grantee: Antonio Herbert Lancha Junior
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 10/07062-3 - Leucine and skeletal muscle disuse: clinical anti-atrophic efficacy and related mechanisms
• Grantee: Humberto Nicastro Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)
• FAPESP's process: 11/04690-6 - Effects of leucine and branched-chaim amino acids supplementation on resistance exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study
• Grantee: Claudia Ribeiro da Luz
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master