Unconventional neurotransmitters, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection

Author(s)

M. Leonelli ^[1] ; A.S. Torrão ^[2] ; L.R.G. Britto ^[3]

Affiliation

^[1] Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica - Brasil

^[2] Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica - Brasil

^[3] Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica - Brasil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research; v. 42, n. 1, p. 68-75, 2009-01-00.

Abstract

Neurotransmitters are also involved in functions other than conventional signal transfer between nerve cells, such as development, plasticity, neurodegeneration, and neuroprotection. For example, there is a considerable amount of data indicating developmental roles for the glutamatergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABA-ergic, and ATP/adenosine systems. In this review, we discuss the existing literature on these "new" functions of neurotransmitters in relation to some unconventional neurotransmitters, such as the endocannabinoids and nitric oxide. Data indicating both transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of endocannabinoid and nitrinergic systems after neural lesions are discussed in relation to the non-conventional roles of these neurotransmitters. Knowledge of the roles of neurotransmitters in brain functions other than information transfer is critical for a more complete understanding of the functional organization of the brain and to provide more opportunities for the development of therapeutical tools aimed at minimizing neuronal death. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 08/53856-1 - A streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's Disease model in rats: model characterization and assessment of a possible neuroprotective role by the cannabinoid system
• Grantee: Andréa da Silva Torrão
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants