Abstract
In 2005, it was announced that a new state of matter, the Quark Gluon Plasma hadbeen discovered at the RHIC accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory-USA. In subsequent years, it was studied in more details at RHIC and at the LHCaccelerator at CERN.It is the most perfect fluid ever created in a laboratory, the hottest, with largest vorticity and contrary to expectations, it is strongly coupled. The challenge for the next years is to create it in other conditions of temperature and density, i.e. explore its phase diagram, including finding itsconjectured critical point. Several laboratories and accelerators are involved in thissearch (RHIC in the United States, FAIR in Germany, NICA in Russia and perhapsJ-PARC in Japan). There is also an intense theory activity (in particular BEST in theUnited States and HIC for FAIR in Germany). There are in Brazil various researcherswith experience on the physics involved in this search. The objective of thisproposal is to organize a joint effort to contribute to the investigation of the phasediagram. Our proposal covers many of the most sought-after signals (disappearanceof Quark Gluon Plasma signatures, appearance of a softest point, large fluctuationsin conserved quantities) using well known methods (anisotropic flow, correlations,interferometry) as well as original ones (PCA method, recently derived equation ofstate with a critical point). (AU)
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