Abstract
In recent years aquatic ecosystems have been severely altered due to the increase of agricultural frontiers and rising disordered human activities, which generates great concern about the availability and quality of water resources.Agriculture is a major component of the world economy that contributes to increasingly severe degradation of water quality through the release of pollutants such as pesticides, sediment, fertilizers, animal manure and other sources of organic and inorganic matter. These products, when applied to the crop fields, can reach water bodies directly, through the rain water and irrigation or indirectly through percolation into the soil, reaching groundwater. Thus the human action can impact the aquatic environment over the years, reaching the communities of plants and animals living in such places.The monitoring of pesticide residues and biomonitoring fauna of benthic macroinvertebrates in the river ETA, located in the Ribeira Valley, at the Sete Barras - São Paulo, through physical, chemical and biological, will be employed for the purpose of obtaining comparative information on the quality of river water in preserved areas and in regions near banana.The project will be implemented in the Sete Barras County , located in the Ribeira Valley, in the Rio Ribeira basin. The hydrography of Sete Barras covers rivers Ribeira , Quilombo, Ipiranga, ETA and other minors. The Eta Rio was chosen to develop the project, because this comes in Intervales State Park and throughout his career begins to anthropogenic influence, causing vegetation removal from the margins to the cultures of banana.For this study the collections will be held monthly throughout the year in Rio Eta. Points along the river will be presenting four points as follows: in a preserved area (point 1), transition area (preserved and cultivated) (point 2), in cultivation area (point 3) and after culture (point 4 ).Physico-chemical parameters of water will be analysed, with the aid of multi-electrodes U-22XD Horiba, accomplishments with the following variables: maximum depth point, air temperature and water (° C) , turbidity (STU), electrical conductivity (mS / cm), hydrogen potential (pH), dissolved oxygen (mg / L), total dissolved solids (mg / L), redox potential (mv). There will also be water samples at each collection point with the help of buckets, which are packaged in bottles and taken to the laboratory. These samples are filtered with the aid of a manifold and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography to detect the presence of pesticides in river water ETA.Macroinvertebrates will be collected with the collection effort of two people to a duration of twenty minutes at each replica. Will be made in three replicates each collection point, where they will present distance of 100 meters from each other. The materials used for this collection will be a network of type D (250 microns mesh) sieve and common kitchen, where they will be passed over the river sediment. The collected material will be disposed in plastic trays and with the aid of tweezers and magnifying glasses manuals bodies will be screened and packed in bottles previously labeled, containing 70% alcohol for rapid fixation and preservation of individuals. The bodies will be screened transported to the laboratory for analysis. In laboratory subjects will be analyzed with the aid of a dissecting microscope and will be identified at the family level with the aid of dentification keys . (AU)