Molecular characterization of Plasmopara viticola and Phakopsora meliosmae-myrianthae with different levels of sensitivity to QoI and DMI fungicides in Brazil

• Grant number: 18/25596-7
• Support type: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Post-doctor
• Effective date (Start): July 01, 2019
• Effective date (End): June 30, 2020
• Field of knowledge: Agronomical Sciences - Agronomy - Plant Health
• Principal researcher: Lilian Amorim
• Grantee: Ricardo Feliciano dos Santos
• Supervisor abroad: Bartholomeus Antonius Fraaije
• Home Institution: Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Piracicaba , SP, Brazil
• Research place: Rothamsted Research, England
• Associated to the scholarship: 17/21412-6 - Population structure and sensitivity of Plasmopara viticola and Phakopsora euvitis to fungicides in Brazil, BP.PD

Abstract

Control of grapevine diseases, including downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and Asian grapevine leaf rust (Phakopsora meliosmae-myrianthae) in the main grape-growing regions of Brazil has been achieved using foliar fungicide applications programmed at fixed intervals. A survey conducted with table grape growers from Northwest São Paulo State showed that the number of fungicide applications has been excessive both in European cultivars (Vitis vinifera) and American cultivars (Vitis labrusca), with averages of 103 and 59 applications per crop cycle, respectively (Costa et al., 2012). This excessive frequency of fungicide applications leads to an increase of production costs and risks of selection of resistant organisms, thereby compromising the efficiency of chemical control. Information about the sensitivity of these important pathogens to Quinone outside Inhibitors (QoIs) and Demethylation Inhibitors (DMIs) fungicides are scarce in Brazil. Sensitivity monitoring of P. viticola and P. meliosmae-myrianthae isolates to the main single-site fungicides used in the country has been performed using in vivo and in vitro tests (FAPESP 2017/21412-6), and isolates with different sensitivity levels were detected. To better understand the results from those studies, molecular analyses are necessary to identify the underlying fungicide resistance mechanisms in these pathogens. Molecular analyses including sequencing of cytb and cyp51 genes, quantification of cytb G143A in populations and expression analysis of cyp51 in individual strains will be carried out at Rothamsted Research under the guidance of Dr. Bart Fraaije and Dr. Nichola Hawkins. Results obtained from in vivo, in vitro and molecular studies will help to rationalise a fungicide-resistance management program for the main grapevine diseases in Brazil.

Scientific publications

(References retrieved automatically from Web of Science and SciELO through information on FAPESP grants and their corresponding numbers as mentioned in the publications by the authors)

SANTOS, RICARDO F.; AMORIM, LILIAN; WOOD, ANA K. M.; BIBIANO, LILLIAN B. J.; FRAAIJE, BART A. Lack of an Intron in Cytochrome b and Overexpression of Sterol 14 alpha-Demethylase Indicate a Potential Risk for QoI and DMI Resistance Development in Neophysopella spp. on Grapes. PHYTOPATHOLOGY, v. 111, n. 10, p. 1726-1734, OCT 2021. Web of Science Citations: 1.

SANTOS, RICARDO F.; CIAMPI-GUILLARDI, MAISA; FRAAIJE, BART A.; DE OLIVEIRA, AMANDA A.; AMORIM, LILIAN. The Climate-Driven Genetic Diversity Has a Higher Impact on the Population Structure ofPlasmopara viticolaThan the Production System or QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in Subtropical Brazil. FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY, v. 11, SEP 17 2020. Web of Science Citations: 1.

SANTOS, RICARDO F.; FRAAIJE, BART A.; GARRIDO, LUCAS DA R.; MONTEIRO-VITORELLO, CLAUDIA B.; AMORIM, LILIAN. Multiple resistance ofPlasmopara viticolato QoI and CAA fungicides in Brazil. PLANT PATHOLOGY, v. 69, n. 9 AUG 2020. Web of Science Citations: 0.