Interaction between fat consumption and intestinal microbiota and its repercussions on cardiovascular risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in German descendents: SHIP-BRAZIL Study.

• Grant number: 23/10413-2
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• Start date: July 01, 2024
• End date: June 30, 2026
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Nutrition - Nutrition Biochemistry
• Principal Investigator: Nágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno
• Grantee: Livia de Almeida Alvarenga
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Medicina (FM). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil

Abstract

In recent decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become a worldwide public health problem, with approximately 18 million deaths being attributed to CVDs globally per year. In this sense, diet has a great influence and is one of the modifiable risk factors involved in the genesis of CVDs. Studies show that there is a positive correlation between excessive fat consumption and CVDs, and in addition to quantity, the quality of fatty acids consumed in the diet is also important in assessing cardiovascular risk and possible changes in the individual's lipid metabolism. In addition, gut microbiota is a central regulator of host metabolism, and its composition and function are dynamic and affected by dietary properties, such as the amount and composition of lipids. Thus, dietary lipids can affect host physiology and health through interaction with the gut microbiota. Currently, the impact of migratory processes on eating habits and their consequences on the prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases, including CVDs, has been the subject of investigations. Pomerode is a city located in southern Brazil, founded by Pomeranian immigrants who keep German tradition and culture alive. From the point of view of health, the city has a high mortality rate from CVDs, combined with social indicators considered first world, and the SHIP-Brazil study investigates whether different environmental, social and access to health conditions lead to differences in the health of genetically similar populations, but subjected to a different living environment than the country of origin. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate in an unprecedented way the consumption of dietary fat in a quantitative and qualitative character and its relationship with the modification of lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota on the cardiovascular risk of individuals with preserved German culture, who have different degrees of acculturation and are part of the SHIP-Brazil cohort study.