The Immanence of Hegel's Critique of Kant: A Study on the Presupposition of the Absolute in the Introduction of the Phenomenology of Spirit.

• Grant number: 24/02958-1
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: October 01, 2024
• End date: June 30, 2025
• Field of knowledge: Humanities - Philosophy - History of Philosophy
• Principal Investigator: Luiz Sérgio Repa
• Grantee: José Antonio Espínola
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil

Abstract

This project aims to understand and assess to what extent Hegel's critique of Kant in the Introduction of the Phenomenology of Spirit satisfies the requirements set by the notion of immanent critique. In this context, one of the conditions for immanent critique is the necessity that nothing should be taken as presupposed so that everything must justify itself before criticism and result from the development of the very position one intends to negate. Consequently, faced with such requirements, the question arises as to whether Hegel himself is meeting the conditions of the possibility of immanent critique when characterizing Kant's philosophy. From this questioning, we intend to circumscribe two interpretations, those of Habermas and Heidegger, which argue that Hegel presupposes the absolute when characterizing Kantian philosophy, thereby removing immanence from the critique of this philosophy. Thus, it involves reconstructing and differentiating the Habermasian and Heideggerian arguments to analyze whether they are justified based on the Hegelian text regarding this key element: the presupposition of the absolute. To do so, we aim to counter and support the hypothesis that what Habermas and Heidegger interpreted as a presupposition by Hegel is, in fact, the result of the development of immanent critique against Kant.