Laser in Ureteroscopy: A Comprehensive Review

• Grant number: 25/00209-4
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: April 01, 2025
• End date: March 31, 2026
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Medicine - Surgery
• Principal Investigator: Eduardo Mazzucchi
• Grantee: Vinicius Ravena Lourenço
• Host Institution: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (HCFMUSP). Secretaria da Saúde (São Paulo - Estado). São Paulo , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Within the realm of ureteroscopy, specifically in urology, lasers have increasingly gained prominence due to their effectiveness and low risk to patients. Consequently, various types and models of laser technologies have been developed to capitalize on this market potential. However, the wide variety of types, characteristics, and applications of lasers can create confusion and complicate decision-making for specialists.This systematic review aims to introduce the topic, clarify basic concepts about lasers, and provide an in-depth understanding of the subject, offering a solid foundation for specialists working in this field. To achieve this, a comprehensive review of the current literature on PubMed and Embase will be conducted, focusing on articles related to the use of lasers in endourology. Given that this field is continuously evolving and has a significant impact on medical practice, a detailed and updated analysis is essential.The review will cover the following topics:Definition and Physical Principles of Lasers: Explanation of the fundamental concepts regarding how lasers work.History of Lasers in Endourology: An overview of the evolution and significant milestones in the use of lasers within this specialty.Properties of Lasers: Specific characteristics that define the performance of lasers in endourological procedures.Safety: Assessment of safety aspects related to laser use, both for the patient and the healthcare professional.Use of Lasers in Endourology: Practical applications, including stone fragmentation and tissue ablation.Comparison Between Different Types of Lasers: Comparative analysis based on in vitro and in vivo studies, including comparative tables and cost analysis.Clinical Applications: Discussion on success rates (stone free rate), associated complications, and required surgical time.Promising Technologies for the Future: Exploration of emerging innovations and trends in laser technology for endourology.Final Messages and Conclusion: Summary of key findings and recommendations for clinical practice.Through this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of lasers in endourology, facilitating the appropriate choice of technology and enhancing the clinical practice of professionals in the field.