The participation of Brazil in Ecuador-Peru peace process (1995-1998)

• Grant number: 09/16735-4
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• Start date: February 01, 2010
• End date: December 31, 2010
• Field of knowledge: Humanities - Political Science - International Politics
• Principal Investigator: Samuel Alves Soares
• Grantee: Eduardo Bessa de Castro
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais (FCHS). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Franca. Franca , SP, Brazil

Abstract

The dispute for borders between Equator and Peru dates from the beginning of century XIX, being justly for this reason that the two countries had entered at war in January of 1995, a conflict of gravity and ratio that appeared as a great threat to the stability of the security in the South America. Therefore, mediating intercession of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and United States, was given, founded in the legal legitimacy in the Protocol of Limits of 1942, establishing the cease-fire and propitiating the beginning of the conversations. The peace process, supported for the called "guarantor countries", united the military distension through a peace mission (MOMEP) and the diplomatic negotiations by means of constant meeting between the parts, until the definitive and success resolution of the dispute in October of 1998. In these two scopes it was distinguished Brazilian performance, as "guarantor-coordinator" in the military and diplomatic spheres, constructing gradually a paper of leadership in elapsing of the negotiations. Brazil would have beyond its paper of coordinator, having characterized itself as a central actor in the process, playing initiative and leadership, when centering the negotiations in Brasília and mainly through the presidential diplomacy of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Understanding the diplomatic policy and the defense policy as the two vectors of performance of Brazil in the resolution of this litigation, we detach the performance of the Armed Forces in the conduction of the MOMEP and of the Ministry of Foreign affairs and President Cardoso in the politician-diplomatic scope, in the two dimensions of international action of the State's executive. Thus, the present research will search to investigate the participation of Brazil in this process of peace, in the diplomatic and military dimensions, analyzing the way for which was processed this political leadership. (AU)