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| Author(s): |
Roberta Natália Cestari
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2014-10-06 |
| Examining board members: |
Vera Lucia Lanchote;
Silvia Regina Cavani Jorge Santos
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| Advisor: | Vera Lucia Lanchote |
| Abstract | |
Lopinavir (LPV)/ritonavir (RTV) are currently the most commonly used protease inhibitors in pregnant women with HIV. LVP, a substrate of drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), has a very low oral bioavailability due to the extensive metabolism by CYP3A4. However, it is coadministered with ritonavir, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-gp. This study investigates the kinetic disposition of LPV and RTV in maternal plasma of pregnant women with HIV as well as the placental transfer of both drugs. We investigated 7 patients in the third trimester of pregnancy treated with 400 mg of LPV and 100 mg of RTV every 12 h. Serial maternal blood samples were collected up to 12 h after administration of LPV/RTV. At delivery were also collected simultaneously maternal and cord blood samples to determine the placental transfer of both drugs. The method of simultaneous analysis of LPV an RTV in plasma was developed and validated using LC-MS/MS. Plasma samples (100 ?L) were spiked with antipyrine as internal standard and submitted to liquid-liquid extraction with tertbutyl methyl ether. The separation of LPV, RTV and internal standard was obtained on C18e reverse phase column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile, water and formic acid (50:50:0.1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. The method has no matrix effect, it is linear in the range of 6.40 ng/mL to 12.50 ?g/mL for LPV and 3.20 to 12.50 ?g/mL for RTV and shows lower limits of quantitation of 6.40 ng/mL for LPV and 3.20 ng/mL for RTV. The coefficients of variation and relative standard errors obtained in studies of intraassay and interassay precision and accuracy were below 15% for both compounds. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using the WinNonlin program. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained for LPV (data expressed as medians) during the third trimester of pregnancy: Cmax 14.63 ?g/mL, tmax 4.0 h, AUC0-12 95.21 ?g.h/mL, t1/2 6.72 h, Cl/F 4.20 L/h and Vd/F 37.91 L. Regarding RTV, the following values were obtained: Cmax 0.64 ?g/mL, tmax 4.0 h, AUC0-12 4.47 ?g.h/mL, t1/2 3.20 h, Cl/F 22.39 L/h and Vd/F 110.43 L. The umbilical vein/maternal plasma ratios were 0.11 (0.09 to 0.20) for LPV and 0.07 (0.05 to 0.12) for RTV (data presented as medians and percentiles 25-75), indicating low placental transfer of both drugs. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/17113-0 - Influence of diabetes on pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in HIV-infected women during pregnancy and at delivery |
| Grantee: | Roberta Natália Cestari |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |