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| Author(s): |
Cleunice Auxiliadora Fialho
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2015-04-10 |
| Examining board members: |
Sila Carneiro da Silva;
Carlos Mauricio Soares de Andrade;
Marilia Barbosa Chiavegato;
Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira;
André Fischer Sbrissia
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| Advisor: | Sila Carneiro da Silva |
| Abstract | |
The nature and the magnitude of morphogenetic responses of forage plants vary with the availability of climatic growth factors and with management targets, modifying sward structural characteristics. In this context, defoliation intensity determines changes in plant form and function, which, in turn, define and characterise growth and perennation mechanisms and plant resistance to grazing. The objective of this study was to describe and characterise morphogenetic responses and morphological characteristics of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte) subjected to grazing intensities under continuous stocking from January 2013 to March 2014. Treatments corresponded to four levels of grazing intensity (severe - S, moderate - M, lenient - L, and very lenient - VL) represented by the sward management heights of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm, and were allocated to experimental units (210 m2 paddocks) according to a complete randomised block design with four replications. Ten stages of leaf development were identified and used as reference for evaluations of plant morphogenetic responses. Leaflets were symmetrical within pairs, indicating the possibility of measuring leaf expansion in just one leaflet of each pair. The relatively stable leaflet length:width ratio allowed direct calculations of leaf area since a correction factor (0.71) for the elliptical form of the leaflets was used. Forage peanut used different growth mechanisms throughout the year. These were characterised by an inverse relationship between plant size (stolon length, internode length, distance between growing points and between rooting points) and plant number (stolon density, node density, growing point density and rooting point density), with greater differences recorded on swards subjected to treatments L and VL. In general, the increase in plant size was associated with a reduction in plant number. This relationship seems to describe a plant segmentation process that results in small autonomous units during autumn, that increase again in size during spring and summer. This process ensures plant clonal reproduction and favours persistence. Swards subjected to treatments S and M showed higher rates if leaf appearance, smaller phyllochron and smaller leaves than swards subjected to treatments L and VL. This resulted in LAI values relatively stable across treatments. LAI values varied only with season of the year, reflecting the seasonality of plant growth. Forage peanut is highly phenotypically plasticand adaptated to grazing, but stresses may interrupt the segmentation process during autumn, and this may interfere with plant perennation and favour the beginning of a degradation process. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/04493-9 - Morphogenetic characteristics of forage peanut pastures (Arachis Pintoi Krapovickas & Gregory cv. Belmonte) subjected to intensities of continuous stocking management |
| Grantee: | Cleunice Auxiliadora Fialho |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |