Use of blubber as matrix to measure sexual steroid levels of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

Author(s)

Daniela Magalhães Drummond de Mello

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/SBD)
• Defense date: 2015-02-20

Examining board members

Claudio Alvarenga de Oliveira; José Luiz Catão Dias; Vera Maria Ferreira da Silva; Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente; Leonardo Liberali Wedekin

• Advisor: Claudio Alvarenga de Oliveira

Abstract

The current study evaluated the possibility of extracting and measuring steroid hormones from the blubber of carcasses and living animals. Progesterone (P4), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were successfully measured trough enzimaimunoassay technique. Stranded animals were sampled to validate the blubber collection. A set of experiments were performed: whether the state of decomposition of fat affects hormone levels; whether the body region from which samples were collected affects the levels of P4, E2, and T; whether the depth of the layer selected (outer, middle, inner) affects hormone levels; and finally the size of sample effect on hormone levels. All of these four elements can potentially alter the measurement final results. Also, biopsy sampling were done at a South Atlantic breeding Area, National Marine Park Abrolhos in 2011 and 2012; and in one feeding area, the Marine Park Francisco Coloane, locate at Chilean Patagonia. As expected females had higher P4 and E2 means compared to males, and males exhibited higher means of T than females. Also a reproductive seasonality was detected in E2 and T levels. T levels were higher in adult males during breeding season, especially in September and October. E2 were higher in both females and males during feeding season. This apparent inversion of E2 level to the reproductive condition is probably a result of the lag of the hormone from blood to blubber and the time for its metabolism to occur. Part of the adult females with calves and without calves had P4 levels similar to some pregnant cetacean species. Some of the biopsied animals had their body length estimated. The smallest female with calf had 10.21 meters. Males and females did not differ in total body length: 12.96 and 12.04 respectively. The bubbler showed to be a feasible biological matrix to measure sex hormones from free ranging humpback whales, and can indicate differences among sexes and reproductive states. When combined with total body length and life history, the hormone measurements can provide robust information on reproductive state of individuals. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/12209-6 - Use of blubber as matrix to measure sexual steroid levels of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
• Grantee: Daniela Magalhães Drummond de Mello
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate