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| Author(s): |
Joice Andrade Bonfim
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2015-08-14 |
| Examining board members: |
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso;
Simone Raposo Cotta;
Takashi Muraoka;
Adriana Parada Dias da Silveira;
Sandra Farto Botelho Trufem
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| Advisor: | Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso |
| Abstract | |
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a fundamental role in the absorption of nutrients, plant survival and soil structure. Recently a number of researchers found that plants associated with AMF may also be associated with dark mycelium fungi. In a recent study, it was observed that the dark septate endophytes (DSE), usually Ascomycetes, can promote the growth of plants in different environments. The aim of this study was to survey the diversity of AMF and DSE in Atlantic Forest areas in altitudinal gradients, which result in responses of greater ecological relevance, as the influence of the host plant, soil attributes, seasonality and altitude on occurrence and diversity of these fungi. We also expect to clarify the gap in the knowledge of the benefits of DSE for plants and take the first step towards the comprehension of the interaction of AMF and DSE. We evaluated the chemical, physical and microbiological attributes, and among these, the occurrence and diversity of AMF and DSE in the root and rhizospheric soil of different tree species of the Atlantic Forest of Serra do Mar State Park, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, along an altitudinal gradient: 80m, 600m and 1000m. Samplings of the soil and roots were performed in four seasons. The data were submitted to ANOVA, LSD test, canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and redundancy discriminant analysis (RDA). Since many species of DSE are known to be pathogenic on certain plants, DSE fungal isolates were evaluated for their eventual pathogenic activity. The isolates non-pathogenic were used in a bio-test to either alone or in combination with the AMF in rice plants. In the rhizosphere 58 AMF species were identified. The genera Acaulospora and Glomus were predominant. However, in the roots, only 14 AMF sequences were found and all had high similarity to the family Glomeraceae. In an analysis of the DNA ITS sequences of the 251 DSE isolates we found that they clustered into 35 UTOs. Most DSE found were considered pathogenic for rice. The season had no effect on root colonization and AMF diversity. Altitude was important in selecting AMF species and also acted on the number of spores and colonization by AMF and DSE. Most of the AMF and DSE were generalists, without a specificity for host plants, although there are some fungal species with preferences for certain trees. The soil properties had a strong influence on colonization by AMF while, for the DSE, differences in colonization do not seem to be related to soil attributes. However, soil attributes were responsible for directing the diversity of AMF and also of DSE species. The interaction between AMF and DSE and their benefits to the host plants require further studies to comprehend the conditions that favor both associations. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 11/15262-5 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes in areas of Atlantic Forest in altitudinal gradients |
| Grantee: | Joice Andrade Bonfim |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |