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| Author(s): |
Altina Lacerda Nascimento
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2016-04-04 |
| Examining board members: |
Jussara Borges Regitano;
Fernando Dini Andreote;
Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri;
Fernando Carvalho Oliveira;
Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio
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| Advisor: | Jussara Borges Regitano |
| Abstract | |
The aim of this work was to evaluate the agricultural potential of sewage sludge produced in the São Paulo state - Brazil, as well as to verify the possibility of interaction between the chemical composition and sewage sludge bacterial abundance. Samples were collected from 19 wastewater treatment plants in three different periods. On the samples from the three times were determined the presence and concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAs) that are listed as priorities in environmental monitoring by the USEPA (acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo (a) anthracene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, benzo (ghi) perylene, benzo (k) fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenz (a, h) anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, naphthalene and pyrene). On the samples of the second collect time, besides HPAs, were determined the concentrations of emerging organic pollutants (hormones, pharmaceuticals and industrial products). It was performed the complete characterization according to CONAMA 375/2006 (moisture, pH, Kjeldahl and inorganic Nitrogen, organic carbon, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and sodium); and characterization of bacterial communities through cultivation-independent methods (Illumina sequencing). Macronutrients in higher concentrations in sewage sludge are: N > Ca > S > P > Mg > K. The inorganic elements Ni and Zn showed up in higher concentration than the maximum allowable for agricultural use by CONAMA Resolution 375/2006, at 1 and 3 samples, respectively. The inorganic element that most limits sewage sludge usage as organic fertilizer (MAPA, 2006) is the Hg. The compounds benzylparaben, bisphenol AF (BPAF), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) were not detected. On the other hand, methylparaben, cimetidine, bisphenol A (BPA) and triclocarban were detected in all 19 samples. The compound present in highest concentration is triclocarban. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are low, according to the European standard. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla are present in greatest relative abundance. There is a bacterial core in the sewage sludge treatment plants of the São Paulo State, comprising 81 genera present in all WWTPs evaluated. Those who are at a higher relative abundance are Treponema, Clostridium, Propionibacterium, Syntrophus and Desulfobulbus. The elevation of pH to values close to 12 reduces the microbial diversity. Considering the relative abundance and chemical composition of sewage sludge, the stations can be grouped into three distinct groups, one of which is influenced mainly by Ca, Zn and Cu, the other by Fe and S and the third group that was influenced by the others evaluated factors. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/00897-0 - Monitoring and evaluation of composting on the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludges |
| Grantee: | Altina Lacerda Nascimento |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |