In vitro and in vivo photochemoprevent potential evaluation of Lychnophora salicifolia extract and chlorogenic acid free and entrapped in liposomes

Author(s)

Ana Luíza Scarano Aguillera Forte

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2016-08-26

Examining board members

Maria Jose Vieira Fonseca; Marlus Chorilli; Guilherme Martins Gelfuso; Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião; Stephânia Fleury Taveira

• Advisor: Maria Jose Vieira Fonseca; Ana Melero Zaera

Abstract

The skin has several defense mechanisms to avoid oxidant damages. However, a prolonged exposition under ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration causing antioxidant/oxidant imbalance. ROS generation can induce photoaging and skin cancer. Topical administration of antioxidants is an efficient way to fortify the endogenous protection system and to reduce the oxidative damage caused by UVR. Nevertheless, to be effective, these compounds need to pass through the skin barrier imposed by stratum corneum. Lychnophora salicifolia Mart. extract has antioxidant, antiinflammatory and analgesic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid and vicenin-2, and it may be a skin protector agent against UVR damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the photochemopreventive potential of this extract and chlorogenic acid, as well as their formulation containing liposomes. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed to prove antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity. Formulation release and skin penetration studies were also carried out in human and porcine ear skin. The results showed that the extract has antioxidant activity in vitro and low cytotoxicity. The extract and the isolated compound were successfully entrapped in liposomes, demonstrating a good physic and chemical stability and increasing the skin penetration in hairless mice. The formulations containing liposomes allowed that the extract compounds and chlorogenic acid passed through the stratum corneum and reached epidermis and dermis in human skin ex vivo. The hair follicle uptake of the particles do not influenced the penetration process. The extract was able to scavenge intracellular ROS and avoid the depletion of the endogenous GSH both in cell culture and in vivo, even as it inhibited matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), enzyme activated by UVR that degrades skin matrix extracellular components. The extract also presented larger antiinflammatory properties than chlorogenic acid, decreasing the cytokines (IL-1?, IL-6 and TNF-?) levels and the mieloperoxidase activity in vivo. Therefore, the results suggest the potential applicability of the extract as a photochemopreventive agent to topical use and the developed formulations seem to be a viable system to release these compounds to the skin. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/23560-6 - Evaluation in vivo and in vitro of the photochemoprevention potential of the Lychnophora salicifolia Mart. extract
• Grantee: Ana Luiza Scarano Aguillera Forte
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate