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| Author(s): |
Éliton Rodrigo da Silveira
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Carlos. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2001-07-20 |
| Examining board members: |
Giselda Durigan;
Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola;
José Salatiel Rodrigues Pires
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| Advisor: | Giselda Durigan |
| Abstract | |
Riparian forests restoration can be the best way to stop the degradation process of the water resources. However, there is no agreement about how to do that, what are the best species and planting techniques and how to evaluate the planted forests. This study was based upon a planted riparian forest, along Tarumã River, Tarumã municipality, São Paulo State. Twenty nine species were planted, being 28 native and one introduced species. Trees were planted in four different species combinations, as follows: Module - A 100% pioneer species; Module - B 50% pioneer and 50% no pioneer species; Module - C mixed; Module - D 100% Pinus. The four modules were evaluated ten year after planting, considering: forest structure, density, richness and diversity of natural regeneration, litter deposition and chemical properties of surface soil. These results of the planted forest were compared with a forest remnant - (E) located close to the experimental area. Differences were found among treatments and in comparison with the natural forest, for most of the parameters considered. Basal area, DBH, and maximum height were lower than in the forest fragment. Trees density is still higher in the planted forest than in the natural one, even the mortality rates have been high. Ten years were not enough to make the planted forest structure similar to the natural forest. Comparing the planted species performance, there is a group of high survival rates: Inga uruguensis, Croton urucurana and Schinus terebinthifolius. Another group presented species with high increment in height and diameter: Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Croton urucurana and Pinus elliottii var. densa. Natural regeneration density and richness under the planted forest were also different among treatments, in decreasing order: mixed planting - 50% pioneer + 50% no pioneer - 100% pioneer - pure Pinus. Among the species surveyed, zoochory is the main dispersion syndrome and 62% of the species were not planted. They were, probably, brought by animal dispersers. Litter production was higher in pure Pinus planting than in the other treatrnents. However, nutrients concentration is lower than in treatments with native species. So, total quantity of mineral elements that return to the soil is higher in those forests planted with native species. In addition, chemical properties of surface soil under Pinus forests (H + AI, pH, Ca, Mg, etc.) are worse than under other treatments. This study leads to conclusion that, among the tested treatments, the mixed planting with native species (C) was the most similar to the native forest in structure, diversity and natural regeneration. The worst result, under the environmental conditions of this study, was obtained with the pure stand of Pinus elliottii var. densa. (AU) | |