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| Author(s): |
Lívia Botacini Favoretto Pigatin
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Carlos. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Química de São Carlos (IQSC/BT) |
| Defense date: | 2017-03-23 |
| Examining board members: |
Maria Olimpia de Oliveira Rezende;
Cassio Hamilton Abreu Junior;
Washington Luiz de Barros Melo;
Eny Maria Vieira;
Vânia Gomes Zuin
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| Advisor: | Maria Olimpia de Oliveira Rezende; Aurélio Vinicius Borsato |
| Abstract | |
The disposal of solid waste is a serious environmental problem for humanity. By means of the vermicomposting process, one can get the recycling of organic waste, resulting in a humified material of great agricultural potential and atmospheric carbon sequestration when applied to soil. To have agronomic security when using waste is necessary to know the mechanisms of incorporation, mineralization and release of nutrients, or the dynamics of soil organic matter. Thus, it contributes to maintaining the organic matter cycle (returning to the ground of the organic matter that is taken away), and for an environmentally proper disposal of organic waste. This is the general direction of this study. Compiling the results obtained by conventional methods and spectroscopic techniques for characterization of samples collected during vermicomposting of extracted humic acids, it was possible the continuous monitoring of the degradation process of different organic waste (orange bagasse, filter cake and manure). For execution of the experiments were set 9 cells (P) composting orange peel + cattle manure, filter cake + cattle manure and manure. After temperature stabilization compounds were tranferidos to vermicompostores. The monitoring was held for 135 days with daily measurements of temperature, humidity and weekly control fortnightly collections of samples for chemical and extraction of humic acids. They observed three stages of temperature for the first stage of vermicomposting (composting). First stage: mesophilic, wherein an increase in temperature, which reached values higher than 30° C; second phase: Thermophilic, wherein the maximum temperature reached values higher than 60° C for stacks P1, P2 and P3 (orange peel + cattle manure), which had the highest temperature among treatments; third phase: cooling and maturation. It was possible to follow the dynamics of the process of chemical and spectroscopically vermicomposting. The chemical characterization of vermicompost (C and N content, C/N, pH, CEC, macro and micronutrients) is in line with what is required by the Normative Instruction 25, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. These analyzes showed the fertilizer potential of the vermicomposts. The analysis of the structural characteristics of humic acids showed differences between the studied humic acids. FTIR spectra for all of the treatments showed typical bands of humic substances indicating some changes at the molecular level as the loss of more labile structures due to the biodegradation process. The presence of aromatic systems was observed by UV-Vis technique mainly through the lower ratios E2/E4, which is indicative of the presence of porfirínicas structures related to lignin. As the results presented by FTIR the 13C NMR spectra show peaks corresponding to the degradation of carbohydrates. There was an increase of aromaticity content and decreased alifaticidade content of AH with a time of vermicomposting, except for those related to treatment with filter cake which showed opposite behavior. In general the development of the plants that received organic fertilization was similar to the development of the plants that received commercially recommended mineral fertilization and significantly higher than the plants referring to the control treatment. For the vertisol the effect of the vermicompost on the height and biomass attributes of the plants was masked, possibly due to the high content of organic matter naturally present in that soil. The chromatographic analysis of the essential oil extracted from Manjericão showed that the organic fertilization positively influenced the production of the main component of the essential oil, linalol, increasing its content with the increase of the applied vermicompost dosage, in the two studied soils. Of the analyzed treatments, the one referring to the fertilization with vermicompost of filter cake + bovine manure 30 t ha-1, in vertisol, presented the highest content of linalool (34.90%). In general, it is possible to verify the viability of the use of vermicompostos of mixtures of orange bagasse and filter cake with bovine manure as an alternative to the use of mineral fertilizers, however the management and the implications in plant nutrition and the full productivity of the crops still represents an important research challenge. Among the doses of vermicompost evaluated, in general the application of the intermediate dosage (30 t ha-1 or 3.0%) presents superior results in terms of nutritional quality and MOS, being thus the best option for soil management for cultivation Of Basil. In future studies, the 30 t ha-1 dosage could be adopted as the recommended agronomic dosage, as well as the mixture of agroindustrial organic residues for vermicompost production. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 11/13294-7 - Chemical and spectroscopic study of the dynamics of agro-industrial waste vermicompost for sustainable management in organic agriculture |
| Grantee: | Lívia Botacini Favoretto Pigatin |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |