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| Author(s): |
Rafael Oliveira Fonseca
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2017-05-24 |
| Examining board members: |
Neli Aparecida de Mello Théry;
Eduardo de Lima Caldas;
Wanderley Messias da Costa;
Claudio Antonio Gonçalves Egler;
Wagner Costa Ribeiro
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| Advisor: | Neli Aparecida de Mello Théry |
| Abstract | |
Environmental issues constitute a complex and dynamic context of numerous relationships of interdependence and/or subordination because they are part of a constant motion due to the different forces and interests of the actors that surround them, such as the State, the civil society and the market. In this sense, these questions should not be understood as a simple result of the relationships between human beings and the nature, but should be seen as part of a component of human relations, as an economic, political and cultural object. In Brazil, the relevance of the questions is evident due to its position as an international protagonist in the environmental and socioeconomic spheres. Environmental Compensation (EC) is an instrument that is part of the national territorial and environmental policy, that is directly inserted in this complex and dynamic thematic and that envelops the interests and powers of several actors. The central object of this research, the EC, is related to the State´s allocations of environmental licenses and aims to contribute to the strengthening of the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). This study is based in the following hypothesis: Environmental Compensation managed by the federal government is not very effective in relation to its purpose, as currently established and operationalized. Thus, this research aims to understand and analyze the role and/or the purpose of the State (and its public policies) in the definition of EC, as well as the potential of this instrument in influencing the spatial planning, particularly facing the contemporary conjuncture of the environmental issue, also permeating the other actors that are involved in this instrument. For this, we consider the federal scale of territory administration, covering in this way, the activities of the main public environmental institutions in Brazil, such as the Ministry of the Environment, Ibama, ICMBio, etc. In order to reach such a goal, this work is based on bibliographical research, data collection and analyses, interviews with public agencies and non-state institutions, production of graphics, tables and maps, and on a case study, in the Santo Antônio do Jari Hydroelectric Power Plant, and its related field research. The content is segmented into three parts: the first one presents the triad of the actors that are involved in the EC, based on a conceptual schema of analysis; the second one presents a theoretical understanding of the instrument in a historical, legislative and operational perspective; and the third part transposes the theory and covers the territory from the empirical analysis of the case study. In the end, in order to answer \"for what and for whom\", the question in the title of this research, we conclude, with regard to the for what\", that in fact, the Federal EC aims to strengthen the SNUC, this purpose seems consolidated. The analysis of the \"for whom\" leads us to affirm that, in the present, the instrument serves all the actors that involve it, even if it does not meet all your demands. Thus leaves doubts about its future if no significant change in its operational guidelines is made. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/16022-3 - Environmental compensation in Brazil: compensation for what and for whom? |
| Grantee: | Rafael Oliveira Fonseca |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |