Large scale gene expression evaluation of osteoblastic cells from calvaria and bone marrow of ovariectomized rats

Author(s)

Mayara Sgarbi Semeghini

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2015-02-27

Examining board members

Karina Fittipaldi Bombonato Prado; Luiz Guilherme Brentegani; Denise Bertulucci Rocha Rodrigues

• Advisor: Karina Fittipaldi Bombonato Prado

Abstract

Bone remodeling is a physiological process which maintains skeleton integrity replacing old bone by a young bone matrix. In some diseases such as osteoporosis bone formation is impaired due to the decrease in the number of osteoblasts and reduction of their activities leading to a loss of bone tissue microarchitecture, making it fragile and susceptible to fracture. The objective of this study was to evaluate behavioral differences in osteoblast-like cells from calvaria and bone marrow of rats induced to osteoporosis by ovariectomy through large-scale gene expression analysis. Eighteen Wistar rats were used and divided into control and ovariectomized groups. After 150 days of surgery, the rats of both groups were sacrificed for collection of femurs and calvaria fragments. The cells collected from bone marrow and calvaria were grown in 24-well plates (n = 5) for cell proliferation and viability analysis, as well as grown in culture bottles for total RNA extraction of these cells. The RNA was quantified and its integrity assessed by gel electrophoresis in a microfluidic system. Identification of gene modulation as well as microRNAs involved in gene inhibition was performed by cDNA microarray. Bone marrow cells from the control group (MC) showed a significant decrease in proliferation compared with cells from the calvaria control group (CC) in all periods (p <0.05). On the other hand, bone marrow cells of ovariectomized rats (MO) revealed a significant increase in the proliferation rate after 7 and 10 days (p<0.01) compared to calvaria cells of ovariectomized rats (CO). Cell viability was higher in all periods of CC and CO groups compared to MC and MO groups (p <0.05). Microarray data were normalized using quantile and after statistical analysis by unpaired t-test with p-value &le; 0.005 and subsequent fold change &ge; 2.0, 5.447 differentially expressed mRNAs were detected in calvaria cells and 4.399 mRNAs in bone marrow cells. The miRNAs data were also normalized using the quantile and after statistical analysis by moderate ttest with p-value &le; 0.05 and subsequent fold change &ge; 1.5, 84 miRNAs differentially expressed in calvaria cells were detected and 55 miRNAs in bone marrow cells. In CC group, there may be highlighted repressed genes such as Notch1, Dlx5, Fgf1, Fgfr2 and Il6 as regulators of cell proliferation and caspases 6 and 12 in response to organic substances. The same group showed induced genes such as Gli1 and Bmp7 genes as regulators of cell proliferation, Gli1, Bmp3 and Mmp2 involved in the biological process of bone development and Lrp1, Mmp2 and Tgf&beta;1, 2 and 3 family linked to aging. Among the genes repressed in the MO group are Csf1, Sparc and Tnf as regulators of cell proliferation and Anxa5, Col1a1, Spp1, Sparc, Tnf and Mmp2 associated to biological process of response to organic substances. In the group of induced genes of MO group we found Notch1, Bmp4, Dlx5 and Stat6 as regulators of cell proliferation and Alpl, Bmp4 and Casp6 genes related to the process of response to organic substances. Among the miRNAs found, members of 30 family (miR-30a, 30c and 30d) were induced in the CO and MO groups and these miRNAs act as negative regulators of osteoblastic differentiation. The miR-17 is associated with upregulation of osteogenesis and it is repressed in both ovariectomized groups. MiR- 542-3p suppresses osteogenic differentiation and promotes osteoblast apoptosis repressing Bmp7 gene and its signaling pathway. This miRNA was induced in the CO and MO group. These data confirm that in ovariectomized rats there is a decrease in osteoblastic activity and increased osteoclastic activity. The data found in the present investigation suggest a difference in gene expression not only of differentiated cells from calvaria but also those still present in the bone marrow, thus affecting the proper formation of bone tissue in a situation of osteoporosis. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/15889-0 - Large scale gene expression evaluation of osteoblastic cells from calvaria and bone marrow of ovariectomized rats.
• Grantee: Mayara Sgarbi Semeghini
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master