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| Author(s): |
Juliana Elaine Perobelli
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia |
| Defense date: | 2012-06-02 |
| Examining board members: |
Wilma De Grava Kempinas;
Teresa Lucia Colussi Lamano;
João Lauro Viana de Camargo;
Luis Antonio Violin Dias Pereira;
Patricia Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro
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| Advisor: | Wilma De Grava Kempinas |
| Abstract | |
Endocrine disrupters are chemicals that can act as agonists or antagonists of endogenous hormones, interfering with the homeostasis of the organism. Since the endocrine system plays a critical role in the development and function of the male reproductive system, this is an especially vulnerable target of potential endocrine perturbations. The literature presents data on exposure to antiandrogens during the prenatal life and adulthood and its consequences on the male reproductive function. However, few studies have investigated the possible effects on the male reproductive system of rats after androgen deprivation during prepuberty. The prepubertal period comprehends the phase in which the epididymis, male reproductive organ responsible for the sperm maturation and storage, undergoes significant morphofunctional changes, besides being a period of more vulnerability to endocrine disrupters, possibly due to hormonal imprinting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible consequences of androgen deprivation during the prepuberty on morphophysiology of male reproductive system of pubertal and adult rats, focusing on the epididymis and sperm quality. The choice of an antiandrogen agent was due to extensive environmental and occupational exposure of the general population to this group of contaminants. For this purpose, Wistar male rats were divided into flutamide group (flutamide 25mg/Kg/day, orally, from postnatal day 21 to 44) and control group (corn oil, orally, during the same period). The animals were evaluated at 50 days and 75 days of age. At both ages it was evaluated the serum sexual hormone levels, intra-testicular testosterone levels, organ weights, testicular and epididymal histopathology, immunohistochemistry for androgen receptor (AR), sperm protein 22 (SP22), calmodulin (CALM) and Rab11A in epididymal tissue, besides immunostaining for CALM and Rab11A in the testis and Western blot for AR in the epididymis. Furthermore, additional parameters were assessed in 75-day-old animals, such as sexual behavior, fertility after natural mating and after artificial insemination, sperm motility and morphology, sperm counts in the testis and epididymis, proteomic of sperm membrane by bi-dimensional electrophoresis and Sertoli cells counts. Pubertal animals showed reduced reproductive organs weight, probably due to a decrease in serum testosterone and changes in the pattern of immunostaining for AR and CALM in the epididymis. The other parameters were comparable between the groups. In animals at 75 days old changes in the pattern of immunostaining for AR, CALM and Rab11A in the epididymis, decreased fertility potential after artificial insemination, impaired sperm motility, decrease in the sperm numbers in the caput/corpus and cauda epididymis, acceleration of sperm transit time through these epididymal regions, and modifications in three proteins of sperm membrane were observed. Other parameters were similar between the groups. The results show that androgen deprivation during prepuberty impairs sperm quality affecting the fertility potential of the animals at adulthood. These results seem to be related to the changes in protein profile of sperm membrane and protein expression in the epididymis, suggesting that the postnatal development of the epididymis may have been compromised, causing permanent damage to the organ function (AU) | |