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| Author(s): |
Zaira Bruna Hoffmam
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia |
| Defense date: | 2013-02-20 |
| Examining board members: |
Fabio Marcio Squina;
Claudio Chrysostomo Werneck;
George Jackson de Moraes Rocha
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| Advisor: | Roberto Ruller; Fabio Marcio Squina |
| Abstract | |
The second generation ethanol, produced from lignocellulosic biomass polysaccharides, presents itself as a promising alternative to make the Brazilian energy matrix solid and largely renewable. Biomass is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose must be hydrolyzed in fermentable monomeric sugars to produce ethanol. However, the task of proposing a process for enzymatic hydrolysis efficient and low cost in order to saccharify the biomass is challenging because its polysaccharides are complex and recalcitrant, so it requires the presence of several different catalytic activities for hydrolysis. Although hemicelluloses represent about 30% of sugars from sugarcane bagasse, one of the most promising biomass for the production of second generation ethanol in Brazil, few studies are directed to the saccharification study of this polysaccharidic fraction. Hemicellulases are glycoside hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and works synergistically with cellulases promoting the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse more efficiently than each one class of enzymes alone. The first part of this dissertation presents the biochemistry and biophysics characterization of a GH51 arabinofuranosidase from microorganism Bacillus subtilis 168. ?-Larabinofuranosidases are hemicellulases that hydrolyze linkages in terminal nonreducing ends of polysaccharides containing arabinose. The AbfA showed itself robust, working in a wide temperature range, and able to release arabinose monomers hydrolyzing 1,5-?-L-arabinoheptaose from the non-reducing end. The analysis of SAXS data in combination with molecular dynamics simulations showed that AbfA solution is hexameric, with each subunit containing a molecule with catalytic domain coiled in the form of barrel (?/?)8 followed by a ?-sandwich domain accessory. These results evidence and corroborate data that the quaternary structure may be important for the activity of GH51 arabinofuranosidases family. The second part of the thesis adresses an evaluation of the influence of carbohydratebinding modules, non-catalytic domains of polysaccharides recognition, in the activity of mesophilic and thermophilic xylanases. Xylanases are hemicellulases that catalyze the hydrolysis of endo-1 ,4-?-D-xylosidic linkages in xylan molecule. Gene fusions joined end-to-end a CBM6 from Clostridium thermocellum to catalytic xylanasic domains of enzymes thermophilic GH10 (from Thermotoga petrophila) and mesophilic GH11 (from Bacillus subtilis 168). The CBM6 changed the hydrolysis pattern of thermophilic chimeras increased the efficiency constant of mesophilic chimera, when compared to the respective native enzymes. Furthermore, in the sugarcane biomass hydrolysis mesophilic chimeric xylanase supplemented the commercial cocktail Accellerase 1500, releasing more reducing sugars. In conclusion, the CBM6 fusion proved itself an alternative to construct enzymes with better kinetic performance (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 11/14200-6 - Functional studies of microbial hemicellulases with potential biotechnological application in biorefinery of hemicellulosic biomass |
| Grantee: | Zaira Bruna Hoffmam |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |