Full text
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| Author(s): |
Laurie Penha Rolim
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2016-03-01 |
| Examining board members: |
Alessandra Giannella Samelli;
Daniela Gil;
Carla Gentile Matas
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| Advisor: | Alessandra Giannella Samelli |
| Abstract | |
Introduction: Studies have shown that chronic diseases and metabolic changes may act as an accelerating factor in the degeneration of the auditory system due to age. However, studies about the association between hearing loss and diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HA) in the elderly have shown controversial conclusions. Thus, further studies on this topic are needed in order to clarify the effect of these chronic diseases on the auditory system. Aims: To compare an initial audiometry (A1) with a sequential audiometry (A2) performed with an interval of 3 to 4 years in a population of elderly patients with diabetes and / or hypertension. To conduct a comparative study of four elderly groups: control group (CG), consisting of elderly without chronic alterations, group of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); group of elderly patients with arterial hypertension (HA), a group of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension (DMHA). Methods: A survey of 901 medical records of ELSAA (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde Auditiva do Adulto) of elderly patients attended at University Hospital (UH) of University of São Paulo from 2009 to 2015 was performed. According to the inclusion criteria, 100 individuals were selected to participate on the current research. The initial evaluation (A1), consisting of anamnesis, pure tone audiometry, impedance tests were used, and a new audiological evaluation was performed (A2). The subjects were divided into four groups: 20 individuals with DM (DM group), 20 subjects with HA (HA group), 20 subjects with DM and HA (DMHA group) and 40 subjects without DM or HA (GC). For each study group (HA, DM and DMHA), individuals were selected (between 40 of GC) to pair the characteristics in respect to age and sex. The ANOVA, Fisher\'s exact test and Kruskal-Wallis, with a significance level of 0.05, were used. It also calculated the odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the ears, which are grouped. Comparing the average annual increase in hearing thresholds of the first A1 evaluation to the second A2 evaluation between groups, we observed in the DM group that there was no statistically significant difference in any frequency when compared to its respective control; in the HA group were observed significant differences from 4kHz and tendency to significant difference in 3 kHz. In the DMHA group significant differences were observed at 500, 2k, 3k and 8 kHz, and tendency to statistically significant difference in 4k and 6 kHz. Considering the new cases of hearing loss, a statistically significant difference can be observed only on the HA group for the high frequencies. It can also be noticed, for the high frequencies (3k to 8kHz), that the numbers of new cases of hearing loss were always higher in the study group when compared to their respective controls. When comparing the average of the hearing thresholds, as well as A1 evaluation as A2 evaluation, it is observed that the study groups (DM, HA and DMHA) had more harmed hearing thresholds when compared to their respective control groups. Comparing groups on the A2 evaluation alone it could be observed that only the high frequencies presented a statistically significant association between present clinical conditions (DM, HA and DMHA) and hearing loss. The OR for DM was 5.57 (2.9 to 14.65), for HA was 4.2 (1.35 to 13.06) and for DMHA was 5.72 (1.85 to 17, 64). Conclusion: It was verified that elderly individuals bearers from DM, HA or both showed a lower hearing thresholds when compared to their respective control groups, especially at high frequencies which suggests that these conditions may have a deleterious effect on hearing. It can also be noticed that the HA group presented worse hearing thresholds for most of the frequencies and showed the biggest drop in hearing thresholds in the segment of 3-4 years compared to the other two study groups (DMHA and DM) suggesting that among the three conditions studied, the hypertension seems to be the one that had the greatest influence on hearing (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/05589-2 - Audiological profile of elderly hypertensive and / or diabetic |
| Grantee: | Laurie Penha Rolim |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |