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| Author(s): |
Fernanda Bianca Gonçalves Gallo
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas |
| Defense date: | 2017-03-17 |
| Examining board members: |
Omar Ribeiro Thomaz;
Lucilene Reginaldo;
Lorenzo Gustavo Macagno;
Elena Brugioni;
Inácio Dias de Andrade
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| Advisor: | Omar Ribeiro Thomaz |
| Abstract | |
This thesis aims to discuss the dynamics of displacement in the Mozambican province of Tete, a geographical enclave located between neighboring Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Being crossed by the great Zambezi river, natural access from the Indica coast to the interior of the African continent, the region of Tete was the scene of intense trades among Arab merchants coming from the Persian Gulf from the twelfth century and the Portuguese from the sixteenth century . From this interaction Arabized potentates emerged, as well as institutions such as the Secondary States characterized by the power of Muzungus or Afro-Portuguese families. Slavery, disputes between states and the invasion of the Nguni from the south created large population voids in Tete, but it was from the effective occupation at the beginning of the twentieth century with the leasehold of a large part of the territory to the concessionary companies, displacements started being regulated and controlled to facilitate the collection of taxes and allow the recruitment of forced labor of the natives, categorized as uncivilized until 1961. These elements encouraged the refuge to the neighboring countries signaling a persistent cycle of undesired displacement, which great part of the population of Tete was submitted, especially with the advent of the colonial settlements. Through the reordering of the dispersed traditional habitat, these extremely militarized and architecturally geometric spaces provided a "community development" in order to "win the adhesion of the populations" to the Portuguese side of the war, preventing the support of the nationalists. After independence, the model of socialization of the countryside used in communal villages, rectilinearly organized in residential stands, such as the Portuguese settlements, provided for the transformation of the Mozambican New Man who would abandon elements considered retrograde, such as the dispersed way of life, polygamy, witch doctoring and family production that does not produce surpluses. Today, once again, thousands of Tete families are once again forced to leave their habitat, here understood as a social space, to live in the resettlements of the coal exploration megaprojects, of which architectural traits and promises of improvement in the quality of life can easily, be confused with the displacement projects of Mozambican colonialism and socialism. Therefore, this thesis points to a systematic persistence of projects of non-voluntary displacement in Tete, put into practice from the late colonial period (1961-1974) to the present day. But at the same time it argues through documentary sources and narratives of ordinary Tete people that despite the persistence of history, personal projects of displacement, flight, refusal, sabotage and others do not allow to speak in simple continuity, as if the story was cyclical and not formed by diverse ruptures (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/02176-9 - Dynamics of land in the province of Tete, Mozambique: from displacement and resettlement - from colonialism to the mining company Vale |
| Grantee: | Fernanda Bianca Gonçalves Gallo |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |