Extração sequencial de compostos bioativos de subprodutos industriais de maracujá amarelo (Passiflora edulis sp.) utilizando fluidos pressurizados

Author(s)

Juliane Viganó

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
• Defense date: 2016-08-31

Examining board members

Julian Martínez; Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro; Giovani Leone Zabot; Paulo de Tarso Vieira e Rosa; Priscilla Carvalho Veggi

• Advisor: Julian Martínez

Abstract

This work aimed to propose sequential processes for obtaining bioactive extract fractions from the industrial waste of yellow passion fruit ("Passiflora edulis sp."). The motivation of this theme is based on: i) to use and to add value to wastes produced during the passion fruit processing; and ii) the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant matrices using clean techniques. Bagasse and rinds were the used raw material. The bagasse, which was previously dried and ground, was submitted to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Pressure (17, 26 and 35 MPa) and temperature (40, 50 e 60 ºC) were the variables, and carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as the solvent. This step of SFE showed that different process conditions allowed obtaining extracts with different chemical composition. The sequence of extractions was performed and it was obtained three extract fractions concentrated in tocols (60 °C and 17 MPa), polyunsaturated fatty acids (50 °C and 17 MPa) and carotenoids (60 °C and 26 MPa). Extraction with pressurized liquid (PLE), at 10 MPa, was applied to the raw material that previously was submitted to SFE. Mixtures of ethanol and water (50, 75 and 100%, m/m) and temperature (50, 60 and 70 °C) were the variables. The condition that presented the best results, in terms of global yield, total phenolic content and piceatannol content, was 70 °C and 75% ethanol (m/m). The previous steps of SFE played an important role in the PLE because allowed to obtain a high yield of target compounds. The bagasse extracts, obtained by SFE, were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, and the rind extracts, obtained by PLE, were evaluated by DPPH, ORAC and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). All the extracts presented antioxidant capacity. High and positive correlations were obtained between antioxidant capacity and total tocol content, total phenolic content, and piceatannol content. The rind, which was previously dried and ground, was submitted to SFE, however, this process did not obtain extract, and for this reason, only the PLE was applied. Temperature (30, 45 and 60 °C) and percentage of ethanol in water (70, 85 and 100%, v/v) were the variables. The results showed 60 °C and 70% (v/v) as the best condition to obtain phenolic compounds, among them, isoorientin, vicenin, orientin, isovitexin and vitexin were identified and quantified. The antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC. The content of phenolic compounds presented high and positive correlation with antioxidant capacity. For both raw materials, bagasse and rind, extractions at high pressure were compared with low-pressure techniques, as Soxhlet and maceration, and SFE and PLE presented a better performance for the evaluated responses. The sequential extraction process applied to the bagasse, and PLE applied to the rinds were submitted to economic analyses using the SuperPro Designer 9.0® software. Producing extracts fractions from bagasse and extract from rind showed economically applicable, especially when the extracts were obtained in large scale (extractor capacity higher than 50 L) and commercialized at an average price of US$ 230.00/kg bagasse extract and at US$ 125.00/kg rind extract. The lowest costs of manufacturing were obtained for the biggest simulated production scale, i.e., for plants composed by two extractors of 500 L. From the obtained results, it was concluded that sequential processes based on SFE and PLE are viable to obtain composts from vegetal matrixes, which composition presents compounds with different polarity. Therefore, sequential extraction processes show as an alternative to composing the whole use of raw materials. Obtaining bioactive extracts from passion fruit by-products by the techniques indicated in this work represents an opportunity for using it in the industries of foods, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/00372-8 - Sequential extraction of bioactive compounds from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) industrial byproducts using pressurized fluids
• Grantee: Juliane Viganó
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate