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| Author(s): |
Caliane Christie Oliveira de Almeida
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Carlos. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2012-08-03 |
| Examining board members: |
Telma de Barros Correia;
Virginia Pitta Pontual;
Maria Ruth Amaral de Sampaio;
Francisco Sales Trajano Filho
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| Advisor: | Telma de Barros Correia |
| Abstract | |
The existing security institutes were created mainly along the first three decades of the twentieth century, and they had as main objective to ensure financial assistance in case of illness or death of the breadwinner, mainly focused on the civil service of the country. Gradually, their roles were expanding to the field of work, going to conform to service agencies and insurance for other labor categories, culminating in the creation and diversification of boxes and the Retirement and Pension Institutes subordinated to MTIC. It was in this context that the construction and financing of housing units started to be regarded as a state responsibility in Brazil. The identification and analysis of public policy undertaken by the aforementioned housing agencies in the Northeast, between 1930 and 1964, and the resulting production of housing, architecture, urbanism and professionals involved, conformed as the main objectives of this thesis. An empirical analytical, based on different sources, especially primary, that dialogue at different levels for the deconstruction of historiographic fossilized truths on the subject and the knowledge of an action still overshadowed by analyzes focused on the production of the center-south. Getting rid of the current historiographical optimism about the role of IAPs, which are little studied on the CAPs, there was a restrictive policy in the Northeast focused mainly on meeting the housing aspirations of the wealthier urban workers, including employers, who came to representing 45.74% of the granted claims. The quantification of this housing production stands around 20,000 units, representing 62.46% of the volume of claims raised by the history for the North, South and Northeast, confirming the hypothesis of the need for further studies on the activities the above security institutes throughout the country. One hundred fifty more residential groups were precisely identified, including single-family units and collective buildings, in most cases devoid of equipment for collective use. Broad was also the part of staff, formed mainly by engineers and architects, acting directly or indirectly through the CAPs/IAPs in the field of housing in the region: an amount of approximately 200 professionals. In terms of architecture and urbanism, it was found a variety of models linked to different architectural references. Surprisingly, it was observed that in addition to the funding of the first modern residential complexes, the CAPs and the IAPs were responsible for the implementation of various urban development, the creation and/or expansion of different industries, shaping up as an important actor in the process industrialization in the country, including financing the construction of some of the major icons of modern Brazilian architecture, quote, the buildings of the Ministry of Education and Welfare, besides the construction of Brasilia. In the Northeast, more precisely, were the drivers of vertical integration of most of their capital. (AU) | |