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| Author(s): |
Loyde Vieira de Abreu Harbich
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo |
| Defense date: | 2008-08-08 |
| Examining board members: |
Lucila Chebel Labaki;
Rozely Ferreira dos Santos;
Ana Maria Liner Pereira Lima
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| Advisor: | Lucila Chebel Labaki |
| Abstract | |
It is a well known fact the role of vegetation in mitigating the heat generated in the urban environment and in reducing the energy consumed for cooling of buildings. The vegetation has a significant influence on thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. However there are few data available that quantify the benefits that individuals and groupings of trees bring to the environment, such as the attenuation of incident solar radiation and air humidification due to the process of evapotranspiration. The premise of this work is that different tree species behave in different ways in urban microclimate, according to their morphological characteristics. The aim of the research is to identify the radius of influence on thermal comfort achieved by tree species and their arrangement. The species are those found in the region of Campinas city, Brazil. The adopted methodology consisted in identifying the species to be analyzed, measurements of environmental parameters - air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, in points located in the shadow of the crown and at sunshine, at different distances from the trunk. The incident solar radiation was measured with tube solarimeters, in two points, in the shadow and at sun. The measurements were carried out during the day, from sunrise to sunset, in three days, spaced throughout the year, in periods of different seasons. Five tree species were analyzed: Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Stand.), Jacarandá (Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don.), Jambolão (Syzygium cumini L.), Mangueira (Mangifera indica L.), and Chuva de Ouro (Senna siamea L.). Data analysis included calculating the attenuation of incident solar radiation, evapotranspiration, and evaluation of thermal comfort at different distances, according to the three-dimensional comfort zone for the region of Campinas. Tukey tests were used for statistical analyzes. Results show that the best contribution to comfort was from the tree grouping. For isolated trees, there is an important influence of the Leaf Area Index (IAF) and the size of the leaves. Regarding thermal comfort, a finding of great significance is that up to a distance of 15m from the trunk, the set of environmental variables provides thermal comfort, even in the sun. A peculiar behaviour was observed in relation to the relative humidity: at certain distance, around 10m from the trunk, this parameter is higher than in the shade, and decreases with greater distances. The research suggests important future investigations: the interpretation of the behaviour of relative humidity, the relationship between evapotranspiration and humidity throughout the day. The development of a model to explain the observed behaviour of the species as a function of their morphological characteristics can also be proposed allowing simulations for the other species. (AU) | |