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| Author(s): |
Fabiana Terhaag Merencio
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia (MAE) |
| Defense date: | 2021-02-03 |
| Examining board members: |
Paulo Antonio Dantas de Blasis;
Juliano Bitencourt Campos;
Andreas Kneip;
Maria Dulce Barcellos Gaspar de Oliveira;
Ximena Suarez Villagran
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| Advisor: | Paulo Antonio Dantas de Blasis |
| Abstract | |
Shellmounds (sambaqui) are the oldest and longest enduring occupation on the southern coast of Santa Catarina state, Brazil (ca.7.5-1.5kyBP). During the final phase of this occupation (ca. 2.0kyBP), a series of changes were observed in the archaeological record, such as the decrease in the shellmounds building, alterations in the stratigraphy with increased deposition of organic sediment, and higher variability of types of sites registered, as shallow middens with a mixture of shells and organic-rich sediment (late sambaquis), and fishmounds and shellmiddens where Itararé-Taquara ceramics were found, and these are related to southern Jê historic groups. Despite these changes, elements of continuity were also observed, such as the maintenance of a ritual and funerary architecture in the landscape, similar formation processes in shellmounds and fishmounds, in the mostly marine diet, and aspects of technology, regarding lithic and bone artifacts. Explanatory causes for such changes that were raised by previous research are the influence of environmental factors, such as coastal remodeling, as well as cultural processes, possibly related to the arrival of Jê groups and subsequent interactions between local and nonlocal groups. The study of poorly know sites on the south coast, together with a bibliographic, documentary, and museological survey, allowed to deepen the knowledge about the late context and to investigate the interaction processes established between both groups, as well as the territorial organization of Jê group at the southern coast. This work presents the new data obtained in the excavations of two late shellmounds and a site with semi-subterranean structures, together with the analysis of the Itararé-Taquara ceramics registered in fishmounds and shellmiddens, and least-cost path analysis estimated between active sites in the late period. The systematization of all data made it possible to present a refinement of the temporal, spatial, and functional dispersion of the active sites between ca. 2000 to 500 BP, indicating changes in territorial patterns, verified by the occupation of new spaces, which become part of the late territoriality. The late shellmounds investigated were interpreted as social congregation areas, while previous research indicates that the fishmounds were places for burial of prominent individuals and the shellmiddens as areas of temporary occupations. From a long-term regional approach together with a social perspective of the landscape and the Archeology of Encounters this thesis proposes that both late shellmounds and fishmounds/shellmiddens with Itararé- Taquara ceramics are the result of a long and complex interaction process between coastal and Jê groups, which resulted in the construction of new materialities, and in their understanding as significant and persistent places. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 17/08131-8 - The interaction between sambaqui and proto-Jê groups in Southern Brazil (Santa Catarina Coast) |
| Grantee: | Fabiana Terhaag Merencio |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |