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| Author(s): |
Carolina de Lima Jorge
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo (IMT) |
| Defense date: | 2017-12-04 |
| Examining board members: |
Lucile Maria Floeter Winter;
Maria Julia Manso Alves;
Adriano Cappellazzo Coelho;
Maria Carolina Quartim Barbosa Elias Sabbaga
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| Advisor: | Lucile Maria Floeter Winter |
| Abstract | |
Among the strategies that Leishmania protozoans present to escape the immune response of the vertebrate host, there is a type of programmed cell death, known as apoptosis. When in contact with the macrophage, Leishmania is phagocytized in a silent manner, avoiding the inflammatory response of the vertebrate host. Some authors argue that Leishmania mimics apoptosis, exposing among other molecules a phospholipid that would signal to the macrophage that is in apoptosis, and this mechanism is denominated in the literature as apoptotic mimicry. The objective of this thesis was to elucidate how this escape occurs with the focus on the phospholipids present and exposed in mutant parasites of L. (L.) amazonensis, with distinct phenotypic characteristics, using different strategies, such as selection of parasites showing higher attachment to annexin V-FITC. After transfection with cosmids containing the genome of L. (L.) amazonensis; identification and cloning of the pi4k gene contained in the cosmid in Leishmania expression vector; selection of parasites resistant to miltefosine, whether or not under antibiotic pressure, selection of parasites at the 28th passage in culture; selection of purified strains of RAW lineage macrophages. The characterization of these mutants was performed in relation to the annexin V-FITC binding, infectivity in RAW lineage macrophages, fluorescent phospholipid (NBD) uptake, IC50 of cells treated with the antibiotics duramycin, miltefosine and amphotericin B. According to the binding assays to Annexin V-FITC, we have identified that pi4k-pSNBR mutants and miltefosin-resistant mutants showed higher attachment to annexin V-FITC. The gene coding for phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase caused the parasites containing both the cosmid and the pi4k superexpressor to have less infectivity than the wild-type control. The same occurred for parasites resistant to miltefosine. In contrast, the parasites derived from these resistant, but kept without antibiotic pressure, recovered infectivity values, comparable to the control group. Interestingly, miltefosine-resistant parasites, whether or not under pressure, as well as the overexpressing parasite of the pi4k gene showed greater attachment to annexin V-FITC over wild-type control, indicating that attachment to annexin V-FITC does not correlate with infectivity. Parasites resistant to miltefosine, whether or not under pressure, showed greater sensitivity to duramycin, and when treated with amphotericin B, these parasites showed greater resistance. Another approach analyzed in this thesis was to elucidate the phospholipid recognized by the macrophage during infection by L. (L.) amazonensis. As a result, we observed that PC-containing liposomes lead to dose-dependent decrease of infection, which has not been seen in PS or PC: PE. This result suggests the importance of PC for the establishment of infectivity. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 14/17542-3 - Identification of phospholipid translocators in Leishmania |
| Grantee: | Carolina de Lima Jorge |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct) |