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| Author(s): |
Carolina Yamaguchi
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB) |
| Defense date: | 2018-12-13 |
| Examining board members: |
Carlos José Einicker Lamas;
Maria Virgínia Urso Guimarães;
Catia Antunes de Mello Patiu;
Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
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| Advisor: | Carlos José Einicker Lamas |
| Abstract | |
The Bombyliidae constitutes one of the largest family of Diptera, with more than 5.000 species known worldwide, being the group of flies with the largest representativeness in desertic regions of Earth, currently divided into 17 subfamilies and 19 tribes. The subfamily Phthiriinae comprises, two tribes, 12 genera and 134 valid species present in all biogeographic regions, are characterized by being small flies, varying from 3 mm to 12 mm, with accentuated sexual dimorphism, for the presence of dorsal prong on flagellum and presence of basal sac on spermathecae This thesis has the main goal to contribute for comprehension of the evolutionary pattern in Bombyliidae, performing a phylogenetic analysis of Phthiriinae based on morphological characters. Specifically, this research aims to realize a comparative study of external morphology of Phthiriinae, test the monophyly of the subfamily, tribes and included genera, propose a new classification for the subfamily and also delimit the species with sexual dimorphism based on molecular and morphological data (DNA Barcoding). Were studied specimens of all Phthriiinae genera, in a total of 937 specimens, belonging of 74 species, of which seven represents the outgroup and 67 the ingroup. The cladist analysis based in 216 morphological characters, recover the monophily of Phthirrinae, with the inclusion of the genus Elektrophthiria + Nel, 2006 in a new subfamily, Elektrophthiriinae + subfam. nov., once was positioned outside the group. With this change, Phthiriini tribe also becames monophyletic. Most genera are recovered as monophyletic, however, Phthiria Meigen,1820, Poecilognathus Jaennicke, 1867, Relictiphthiria Evenhuis, 1986 and Tmemophlebia Evenhuis, 1986, with the current composition, were shown to be paraphyletic. To recover the monophily of Phthiria, a new genus is erected to gather the Afrotropical species. Concerning the Poecilognathus genus, its monophyly can only be recovered with the withdrawal Po. philippianus Rondani, 1863 and Po. xanthogaster Hall, 1976, which begins to compose two new monotipic genera, belonging to Phthiriini and Poecilognathini, respectively, thus the monophily of Poecilognathini tribe is also recovered. Therefore, it is proposed Tmemophlebia as a junior synonym of Relictiphthiria. This thesis proposed for the first time the use of DNA Barcoding for the association of males and females of the same species of Bombyliidae. This study allows the association of males and females belonging to 12 different sexually dimorphic species, ensuring their inclusion in the cladistic analysis. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 14/06618-9 - Cladistic analysis of Phthiriinae Becker, 1913 (Diptera, Bombyliidae) |
| Grantee: | Carolina Yamaguchi |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |