Frequency and severity of defoliation and utilisation efficiency on marandu palisadegrass subjected to continuous stocking and nitrogen-induced rhythms of growth

Author(s)

Vitor Del'Alamo Guarda

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Piracicaba.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC)
• Defense date: 2010-06-24

Examining board members

Sila Carneiro da Silva; Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho; Alfonso Hernández Garay; Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira; André Fischer Sbrissia

• Advisor: Sila Carneiro da Silva

Abstract

Variations in growth rhythm of plants may have implications to the herbage accumulation and utilisation processes, indicating that adjustments in management strategies aiming at improving growth and utilisation efficiencies may contribute to augment productivity of pastoral systems of animal production. The objective of this study was to evaluate frequency and severity of defoliation of individual tillers and leaves on continuously stocked marandu palisadegrass swards managed at 30 cm and subjected to nitrogen-induced growth rhythms created by the application of 150, 300 and 450 kg/ha.year of N, plus the control (non-fertilisation). Treatments were allocated to experimental units (1200 m2 paddocks) according to a randomised complete block design, with four replications. Data were collected from a set of 30 tillers per paddock during 28-day evaluation cycles. After 28 days, a new set of tillers was selected and a new evaluation cycle performed. From January 2007 until April 2008 the following response variables were evaluated: stocking density, defoliation frequency of tillers and leaves (senescent, expanded and expanding leaves), defoliation severity of extended tillers and leaves (senescent, expanded and expanding leaves), leaf defoliation interval, leaf lifespan, probability of leaf defoliation during its lifespan and utilisation efficiency. Swards fertilised with 300 and 450 kg/ha of N supported larger stocking density than those non-fertilised or fertilised with 150 kg/ha of N, resulting in higher defoliation frequency of tillers and leaves on fertilised than on non-fertilised swards. On the other hand, swards fertilised with high rates of nitrogen application (300 and 450 kg/ha) showed shorter leaf lifespan than those with low rates (non-fertilised and fertilised with 150 kg/ha), reducing the period available for harvest before commencement of senescence. As a result, in spite of the increase in defoliation frequency caused by the higher stocking densities used on fertilised swards, there was a corresponding decrease in leaf lifespan that caused small variation in utilisation efficiency. Use of nitrogen fertiliser during seasons of fast plant growth alters patterns of individual leaves and tillers defoliation. However, on marandu palisadegrass managed at 30 cm under continuous stocking, the use of nitrogen fertiliser did not result in increased utilisation efficiency of the produced herbage, since the increase in leaf defoliation frequency was compensated for by reduction in leaf lifespan. (AU)