Neuronal differentiation and neuroprotective effect of new hybrid acetylcholinesterase inhibitors molecules in SH-SY5Y model

Author(s)

Natália Chermont dos Santos Moreira

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2019-04-05

Examining board members

Elza Tiemi Sakamoto Hojo; Lusania Maria Greggi Antunes; Andréa Candido dos Reis; Daisy Maria Fávero Salvadori

• Advisor: Elza Tiemi Sakamoto Hojo

Abstract

Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive loss of episodic memory related to aggregation of ?-amyloid peptide (A?) and to abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein, leading to loss of cholinergic function. It is well known that the impairment of this function due to A? peptide neurotoxicity contributes significantly to the cognitive decline associated with AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the main class of drugs used to treat AD. However, there is a great need for synthesis of new molecules, since current drug treatment presents high hepatic toxicity, besides several side effects due to the action in the peripheral tissues. The hypothesis of this project is based on the activity of AChE inhibitor compounds (synthetic hybrids of donepezil-tacrine) in terms of inducing neurodifferentiation and neuritogenesis, as well as neuroprotective effects in neuronal cells under experimental conditions of a neurotoxic stimulus and oxidative stress induced by the peptide A? (1-42) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the neurodifferentiation and neuritogenesis abilities, as well as the neuroprotective potential of two hybrid molecules of donepezil-tacrine in the SH-SY5Y model. Cytotoxicity and hepatotoxicity assays were performed on treated cells that were collected at different times (24, 48, 72 and 120 h) in SH-SY5Y and HepG2 cell lines, respectively. Neuronal differentiation assays (morphological analysis), protein expression, cell cycle kinetics, cell proliferation, mitochondrial changes and oxidative stress were performed on SH-SY5Y cell line. Further, viability and cell death assays were performed to evaluate the neuroprotection ability of the novel hybrid compounds in SH-SY5Y cells. The compounds did not present cytotoxic effects and did not alter cell viability at the following concentrations: TA8Amino 0.0035 to 0.112?M and TAHB3 0.088 to 2.84?M; in the hepatotoxicity assays, TAHB3 reduced cell viability only at the highest concentration (2.84 ?M) and at the time of 24 h. Both hybrid compounds were able to induce neuronal differentiation and neuritogenesis, around 55% after TA8Amino and 43% after TAHB3 treatment. Only TA8Amino induced approximately 75% increase in ?-III-Tubulin expression, compatible with the formation of mature neurons. None of the treatments performed caused significant changes in cell cycle kinetics. The synthetic hybrid TA8Amino induced the production of intracellular (48.27%) and mitochondrial ROS (67.60%). Both hybrid compounds increased SOD1 expression, which could be related to the increase of oxidative damage. However, both TA8amino and TAHB3 did not promote changes in mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial mass potential. This data demonstrate that oxidative stress induced by TA8Amino did not generate damage due to mitochondrial dysfunction in differentiated cells. In the evaluation of changes in PTEN(Ser380/ Thr382/383), AKT(Ser473) and COX2 protein expression, both hybrid compounds were able to induce PTEN and AKT expression. TA8Amino and TAHB3 promoted an increase in COX2expression indicating a possible role in the PI3K/AKT/COX2 pathway, which is related to neuronal differentiation. In the cell viability assays, TA8amino and TAHB3 showed a neuroprotective effect against the neurotoxic damage induced by the A? peptide (1-42), promoting a protection of 91.93% for TA8Amino and 54.68% for TAHB3, although the same effect could not be observed in cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. However, the induction of apoptosis by the hybrid molecules in cells treated with the A?(1-42) peptide was only slightly altered by the compounds, with a reduction of 5.10 and 4.85%, respectively, for TA8Amino and TAHB3, respectively. In general, the results of the present work demonstrate that donepezil-tacrine hybrid compounds (TA8amino e TAHB3), AChE inhibitors, have advantages as potential drugs, since they are not cytotoxic at concentration levels that inhibit AChE enzyme, besides being able to induce neuronal differentiation, neuritogenesis and neuroprotection, unlike the drugs donepezil and tacrine, tested alone. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/15123-1 - Protective effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in response to neurotoxic stimuli and oxidative stress induced by B-amyloid peptide in neuronal SH-SY5Y and ACBRI-371 cell lines
• Grantee: Natália Chermont dos Santos Moreira
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master