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| Author(s): |
Carolina Domeniche Romagna
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2012-07-05 |
| Examining board members: |
Nadja Cristhina de Souza Pinto;
Marcos Roberto Chiaratti;
Paolo Di Mascio
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| Advisor: | Nadja Cristhina de Souza Pinto |
| Abstract | |
Mitochondria play a central role in cell homeostasis. They differ from other subcellular structures not only due to their many functions but also because they have their own genome. Moreover, mitochondria also play a central role in cell death, in apoptosis, necrosis as well as autophagy. The mitochondrial DNA sits at the inner side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where most of reactive oxygen species are generated, and in fact, mtDNA accumulates oxidative damage under normal physiological conditions. However, cellular responses to mtDNA damage are not clearly understood. In order to ascertain whether mtDNA damage induces cell death, we established a cellular model in which oxidative stress is induced exclusively in mitochondria, by using two photosensitizers that localize in the cytosol (methylene blue, MB and crystal violet, CV) and comparing to another one with diffuse distribution (Ro 19-8022, Ro). These molecules generate singlet oxygen locally upon photoactivation. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy we confirmed the cellular localization of the dyes, and found that. MB generates singlet oxygen in cells in a dose- and light-dependent fashion. Treatment with the dyes induced dose-dependent cell proliferation inhibition and cell death. The cytotoxic effects of MB and Ro were completely dependent on light-activation whereas CV induced cell death in the dark. We found that under these conditions, MB treatment did not induce internucleosomal DNA fragmentation or non-nucleosomic fragmentation, as we did not observe comet formation. These results indicate absence of nuclear DNA damage. On the other hand, cells depleted of mtDNA showed decreased sensitivity to MB but not to RO, indicating that mtDNA damage plays a key role in inducing cell death under these experimental conditions. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 08/08062-7 - Identification of signaling pathways activated in response to oxidative DNA damage to the mitochondrial DNA |
| Grantee: | Carolina Domeniche Romagna |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |