Full text
| |
| Author(s): |
Marigilson Pontes de Siqueira Moura
Total Authors: 1
|
| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2011-08-04 |
| Examining board members: |
Antonio Cláudio Tedesco;
Rose Mary Zumstein Georgetto Naal
|
| Advisor: | Antonio Cláudio Tedesco |
| Abstract | |
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) against melanoma has found several limitations due to interference from endogenous chromophores (melanin) in the irradiation of this skin cancer. Photosensitizer agents which absorb at wavelengths above 650 nm may avoid melanin competition. In this context, the chloroaluminum phthalocyanine is a promissor photosensitizer with strong absorption between 670-680 nm. However, this molecule is lipophilic difficulting its application in therapy. In order to overcome such problem, efforts have focused on development of drug delivery systems containing hydrophobic photosensitizers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the photodynamic effect of ClAlPc encapsulated into nanocapsules and organogel nanoparticles. The nanocapsules containing ClAlPc were obtained by nanoprecipitation method using a factorial design 23, and organogel nanoparticles containing ClAlPc were prepared hot dispersion of organogel in aqueous solution. Both colloidal formulations were characterized with respect to average diameter, polydispersity index (PdI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and physical stability. The in vitro tests for toxicity and photocytotoxicity of nanoencapsulated and free ClAlPc were performed on melanocytic cell lines (WM1552C, WM278, WM1617, and B16-F10). The nanoprecipitation method was able to produce nanocapsules with nanometer-size (233.0 nm ± 2.00), PdI of 0.309 (± 0.0038) indicating homogeneous and monodisperse formulations, as well as significantly negative zeta potential of 29.6 mV (± 3.91). The formulation of nanocapsules showed a good EE of 63.7% for ClAlPc. The ClAlPc content present in nanocapsules was determined by validated analytical spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods, which were reliably able to determine ClAlPc in nanocapsules. The study of physical stability for nanocapsules showed the stable character of this formulation for a period of 12 months. The nanoparticles of organogel containing ClAlPc had an average diameter of 282.7 nm (± 2.99), IPD of 0.343 (± 0.0280), and surface potential of + 49.3 mV (± 1.84). The formulation of organogel nanoparticles showed a ClAlPc EE of 60%. The physical stability study also revealed a behavior stable organogel nanoparticles for a period of 6 months. Toxicity studies in darkness conditions have been confirmed biocompatibility of nanocapsules. Besides that, the excellent photodynamic effect of ClAlPc nanoencapsulated was reached on all melanocytic cell lines using an arrangement of 0.30 g.mL-1 of ClAlPc encapsulated, and light doses of 150 or 500 mJ.cm-2, under these conditions the cell death fraction was more than 90%. Therefore, these results confirm the potential of nanocarriers containing ClAlPc as delivery system for hydrophobic photosensitizers applied to PDT. (AU) | |