Development and characterization of polymer matrices as a vehicle for active components of the ethanol extract of peanut skin

Author(s)

Marcela Perozzi Tedesco

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Pirassununga.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Zootecnica e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZE/BT)
• Defense date: 2015-03-02

Examining board members

Rosemary Aparecida de Carvalho; Delia Rita Tapia Blácido; Mônica Roberta Mazalli Medina

• Advisor: Rosemary Aparecida de Carvalho

Abstract

Peanut skin is a food industry byproduct which is rich in phenolic compounds, such as resveratrol and procyanidins. Moreover, it has high antioxidant and pharmacological properties. Despite these activities, phenolic compounds have low oral bioavailability due to glucuronidation catalyzed by the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). This catalyze occurs in the first-pass metabolism (gut and/or liver) difficulting the use of phenolic compounds as therapeutic agents. For oral disintegrating films the active ingredient is directly absorbed into systemic circulation by oral epithelium improving the bioavailability of these natural compounds. The aim of this study was to develop oral disintegrating film composed of gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (GEL: HPMC) added of peanut skin extract as a vehicle for bioactive compounds. The peanut skin extract was produced using ethanol (70%) as solvent (solid/solvent ratio 1:20) at room temperature under mechanical stirring (10 minutes) with three consecutive extractions. The extract was lyophilized to be characterized by antioxidant activity, total phenolic and aflatoxins. The oral disintegrating films were produced by casting (2g macromolecules/100 g filmogenic solution and 0.4g of sorbitol/100g of filmogenic solution) with different concentrations of gelatin and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (GEL: HPMC). The peanut skin extract was added to films liquid and concentrated at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30g / 100g of filmogenic solution. The films were characterized by mechanical properties, contact angle, disintegrating time, mucoadesivity, surface pH, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The extract (lyophilized) showed phenolic concentration of 718.57 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g, EC50 of 146.07 ± 8.37 µg/mL and 0.37 ng B₁/g. Films without extract, regardless of formulation were homogeneous. In general, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films exhibited better mechanical properties, higher hydrophilicity and mucoadesivity and reduced disintegration time compared to films with gelatin in its composition. Similar behavior was observed for oral disintegrating films with addition of extract. Films formulation with high gelatin content (100: 0, 75:25) added of extract showed insoluble complexes formed between proteins and tannins. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films (0: 100) added of peanut skin extract (20%) showed superior mechanical properties (tensile strength = 26.63 MPa, elongation = 4.97% and elastic modulus = 1284.82 MPa) and lower disintegration time (17.87 seconds) compared with other formulations, which is considered the optimized formulation as a potential application for oral disintegrating films. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/08209-6 - Development and characterization of polymeric matrices as a vehicle for the active components of the ethanol extract of peanut skin
• Grantee: Marcela Perozzi Tedesco
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master