Full text
| |
| Author(s): |
Juliana Ferreira de Oliveira
Total Authors: 1
|
| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2014-12-11 |
| Examining board members: |
Jivaldo do Rosario Matos;
Reinaldo Camino Bazito;
Ivana Conte Cosentino
|
| Advisor: | Jivaldo do Rosario Matos |
| Abstract | |
This work proposes the use of ashes of two agro-industrial wastes - rice husk and sugar cane bagasse - as a source of silica (SiO2) for the synthesis of highly ordered mesoporous silicas. This application, besides adding value to waste, aims an alternative to ortossicato tetraethyl, an expensive source of silica, whose obtaining causes environmental damage. Samples of rice husks from four different sources were characterized by thermogravimetry / derivative thermogravimetry (TG / DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and elemental CHN analysis. Based on these results, two samples were selected to obtain silica. Two other samples of sugar cane bagasse from different sources were also characterized by this methodology. To better understand the steps of thermal degradation of organic matter, the results of TG / DTG were associated with FT-IR and a kinetic study was performed by TG. Different treatments in an acid medium were carried out with the aim of removing impurities and reduce the time required for calcination of the materials. The method chosen for each material was defined from the tests and from evaluation of the results of TG / DTG. The ash obtained after the calcination of materials in muffle furnace, with and without prior acid treatment, were characterized by SEM / EDS, XRD and isotherms of adsorption/desorption of N2. The treated samples ashes showed higher purity than those not treated, and for those obtained from rice hulls were amorphous and with high BET surface area (200-300 m2.g-1). The synthesis of mesoporous silicas were tested employing the isolated ash samples treated in acid medium using three different synthetic routes. In one of them it was possible to obtain a spherical morphology material with BET surface area of 500 m2.g-1 and average pore diameter (BJH) of 4 nm. The characterization by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed a hexagonal ordering of the pores. A material with the same morphology was obtained employing commercial sodium silicate instead of the ash. The synthetized materials have potential for many applications, including packaging of liquid chromatography columns, encapsulation of drugs with controlled release, catalysis and support for deposition of materials. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/07848-2 - Obtaining highly ordered mesoporous silica from rice husk ash and sugar cane bagasse ash |
| Grantee: | Juliana Ferreira de Oliveira |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |