Dietary patterns in pregnant women: a cohort study in a couenty of São Paulo

Author(s)

Caroline de Barros Gomes

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Botucatu. 2016-03-04.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Faculdade de Medicina. Botucatu
• Defense date: 2016-02-19
• Advisor: Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite Carvalhaes; Sílvia Justina Papini

Abstract

Objectives: To identify dietary patterns of two cohorts of pregnant women and differences in adherence to these patterns by gestational trimesters and characteristics of pregnant women: years of schooling, age, socioeconomic status, work outside the home, living with a partner, smoking before pregnancy, eat drink alcoholic before pregnancy, parity, be of white color and pre-gestational nutritional status. Methods: The data source was the study "Impact of an intervention to promote walking during leisure time and healthy eating in pregnant women attending the Family Health Strategy: a controlled cohort study”. At each trimester, there were two dietary recalls of 24 hours: one by personal interview and another by telephone, one referring to weekend/holiday. The surveys form entered in the software Nutrition Data System for Research. Foods with similar characteristics were grouped into 39 groups, with the identification of patterns performed by factorial principal component analysis using the average consumption of each food group in both recalls obtained in each trimester. Varimax orthogonal rotation was carried out, considering the significant food groups rotated factor loadings above |0.30|. The adhesion scores were calculated for pregnant women for each dietary pattern identified and subsequently divided into tertiles. The differences related to gestational trimesters were tested by the proportions difference test; association between the patterns and maternal characteristics was performed using multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for cohort. All tests were performed considering p <0.05 as level of significance. Results: Three patterns were identified: Traditional Brazilian; Predominantly Ultra-processed and beef; Integral, fruits, legumes, low fat milk and derivatives. There was a reduction in the frequency of pregnant women in the first tertile and an increase in the third tertile in Traditional Brazilian pattern with the advancing gestation, and an increased on frequency in greater adherence tertile of the Predominantly Ultra-processed and beef pattern. A quarter of the women presented in the same patterns adherence tertiles during the three trimesters. Among the variables investigated, work outside the home (p=0.041) and be nonwhite (p=0.046) increased the odds of being in the highest tertile of adherence Traditional Brazilian pattern. Younger pregnant women showed greater adherence to Predominantly Ultra-processed and beef pattern (p=0.002). Not living with a partner (p=0.002), drink alcoholic beverages before pregnancy (p=0.006) and the advance of gestational trimesters (p=0.002) also increased the chances of greater adherence to this pattern. Nonwhite pregnant women and overweight (versus normal weight) were less likely to be in greater adherence tertile of the same pattern (p<0.001; p=0.05. Pregnant women with intermediate education, compared to those with 11 or more years of study, had fewer chances of being in the third tertile of Integral, fruits, legumes, low fat milk and derivatives pattern (p=0.007), as well those from class C and D / E, compared to class B (p=0,05). Conclusion: Three dietary patterns were identified among pregnant women from Botucatu. A significant increase was observed in adherence to Traditional Brazilian and Ultra-processed patterns with advancing gestation and different socio demographic, behavioral, obstetric and nutritional characteristics associated with adhesion of each pattern. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/06865-6 - Dietary patterns in pregnant women: a cohort study in a couenty of São Paulo
• Grantee: Caroline de Barros Gomes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master