Synthesis of novel anthracycline derivatives containing azido glycosides

Author(s)

Maristela Braga Martins Teixeira

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2018-09-21

Examining board members

Ivone Carvalho; Ricardo José Alves; Maria Del Carmen Galan Hurtado; Jean Leandro dos Santos

• Advisor: Ivone Carvalho; Maria Del Carmen Galan Hurtado

Abstract

Anthracyclines are ranked among the most effective chemotherapeutics against cancer. They are glycoside drugs comprised by the aminosugar daunosamine linked to a hydroxyanthraquinone aglycone, and act by DNA-intercalation, oxidative stress generation and topoisomerase II poisoning. Regardless of their therapeutic value, multidrug resistance and severe cardiotoxicity are important limitations arising from anthracycline treatment, prompting the discovery of novel analogues, for instance through glycodiversification. This work aimed to exploit azido glycosides, to be combined with anthracycline aglycone and generate novel glycosides. In a semi-synthesis approach, both daunorubicinone and protected doxorubicinone were glycosylated with conveniently functionalised 2-azido glucosyl and galactosyl donors, as well as glycals. A screening of glycosylation protocols involved glycosyl chlorides, imidates and thioglycosides with the most successful promoters being HgO/HgBr2 (4-52% yield) and TMSOTf (38-41%); for glucals and galactals, Au(I) and Cu(I) catalysts gave moderate yields (15-46%), but thiourea-phosphoric acid was the most efficient catalyst system (18-95%). Cleavage of protecting groups proved challenging, hampering and delaying the obtention of free glycosides. Upon deprotection, the glycosides obtained included glucoside 49 (13%), 2-azido glucoside 51 (34%), 2-deoxyglucoside 58 (11%), and 2-deoxygalactoside 61 (85%), all with the daunorubicin scaffold. In cell proliferation assays, glycosides 61? and 61? were tested against human cancer cell lines HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 and a model of healthy cells (HDF), with IC50 in the range of 27.1 to 74.6 ?M for the ? anomer, and higher than 250 ?M for the ? anomer. Preliminary studies with human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells were inconclusive to establish a cardiac toxicity experimental model. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/10837-0 - Synthesis of novel anthracycline derivatives containing azido glycosides
• Grantee: Maristela Braga Martins Teixeira
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate