Proteolytic profile of the dentin matrix and adhesive interface: mechanical, biochemical behavior and effect of chlorhexidine = Estudo do perfil proteolítico da matriz dentinária e interface adesiva: comportamento mecânico, bioquímico e efeito da clorexidina

Author(s)

Polliana Mendes Candia Scaffa

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Piracicaba, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
• Defense date: 2012-11-12

Examining board members

Marcela Rocha de Oliveira Carrilho; Regina Maria Puppin Rontani; Linda Wang; Camillo Anauate Netto; Roberta Caroline Bruschi Alonso

• Advisor: Mario Fernando de Goes; Marcela Rocha de Oliveira Carrilho

Abstract

To better understand the process of adhesion to dentin is essential to understand the biochemical and biomechanical structures of this substrate under normal conditions or when subjected to the different steps of the adhesive restorative procedure. Evidences indicate that the hybrid layer degradation can result from the activity of proteolytic enzymes, belonging to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine-cathepsins (CTs). However, it is still necessary to comprehend the role of these enzymes in this degrading process as well as to determine the best way to extend the durability of adhesive restorations. The general purpose of the present study was to characterize the human dentin proteolytic profile when exposed to different concentration of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), a potent inhibitor of MMPs activity. The effect of CHX on the dentin endogenous proteolytic activity was evaluated by the analysis of dentin matrix mechanical and biochemical properties and adhesive restorations durability. The first study evaluated the CHX ability to inhibit CTs (B, K and L) activity by the hydrolysis of fluorogenic substrates, verifying the binding affinity between CHX and enzymes. The dentin matrix treatment with different CHX concentrations was evaluated in the second study by the elastic modulus (E) and degree of collagen hydrolysis (hydroxyproline release) after storage for 1, 7 or 30 days in saline solution. Finally, the CHX therapeutic action as an inhibitor of dentin proteolytic activity was investigated by its ability to maintain the mechanical (bond strength) and morphological (nanoleakage) properties of adhesive interfaces treated with different CHX concentrations (0.2, 2.2 and 22 mM) after aging for 6 to 18 months. The third study evaluated the presence of CT-B and CT-K in human dentin using immunolabeling in SEM and TEM. MMPs and CTs proteolytic activities and a possible interaction between these two families were verified by in situ zymography and by spectrofluorimetry. Results showed, for the first time, that the CHX is a potent inhibitor of CTs in the pulp-dentin complex. However, CHX was not able to preserve the integrity of the dentin matrix E after the longest storage period. Likewise, higher collagen hydrolysis occurred after 30 days of storage when the samples were not treated or treated with low CHX concentration (0.2 mM) (p<0.05). It was noticeable that the collagen hydrolysis was minimum or insignificant when the dentin matrix was treated with the highest CHX concentration (22 mM) (p>0.05). CHX did not affect the immediate bond strength of adhesive interfaces and preserved the resin/dentin bond strength even after 6 or 18 months of storage. Similarly, less nanoleakage with silver particles, which means better morphological integrity, was observed for specimens treated with CHX and aged for 6 or 18 months in comparison with control samples. Immunohistochemistry images showed that the proteases CT-B and CT-K are present in human dentin matrix, not only in pre-dentin region and inside the dentin tubules as previous suggested. In situ zymography suggests that the MMPs gelatinolytic activity in dentin seems to be predominant when compared to CTs activities, although the spectrofluorimetry suggests that the proteolytic activity of both families of enzymes are present in dentin. In this way, it was concluded that MMPs and CTs may synergistically act in the dentin organic matrix degradation, but part of this proteolytic activity can be controlled by the presence of CHX, especially when it is restrained inside the hybrid layer (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 09/14005-9 - Effect of protease inhibitors on the solubilization of demineralized dentin, preservation of mechanical properties of dentin matrix and durability of adhesive restorations.
• Grantee: Polliana Mendes Candia Scaffa
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate