Evaluation of bacterial community associated with mine drainage

Author(s)

Letícia Bianca Pereira

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia
• Defense date: 2014-02-20

Examining board members

Laura Maria Mariscal Ottoboni; Valeria Maia de Oliveira; Fábio Lúcio Caldas Ferraz

• Advisor: Laura Maria Mariscal Ottoboni; Renato Vicentini

Abstract

Mining is an important and constantly growing Brazilian economic sector that involves large investiments. Mine drainage is an important environmental disturbance caused by the different steps of the mining and compromises the quality of soil, surface water, and underground water bodies, hence affecting the biodiversity. Mine drainage consists in a percolating solution that is rich in heavy metals, iron and sulfur. Despite the extreme characteristics, the mine drainage provides a favorable environment for many microorganisms that can be used in bioremediation, bioleaching and others applications. In this work, a pyrosequencing approach of the 16S rRNA gene, of six soil samples from a neutral drainage channel and six soil samples next to the channel, was used to evaluate differences in composition, structure, and diversity of bacterial communities at the Sossego¿s copper mine in Brazil. The chemical parameters, the analyses of similarity ANOSIM, non-metric multidimensional scaling and the comparison of the diversity indices revealed differences between the drainage and the soil samples in composition and structure of the microbial community, but not in their species richness. The statistical analysis showed that the phylum Deinococcus/Thermus, especially the Meiothermus genus, was in large part responsible for the differences observed between the communities, and was positively associated with the presence of copper and other heavy metals in the environmental samples. Other important parameters that influenced the bacterial diversity and composition were the elements potassium, sodium, nickel and zinc, as well as the pH. Statistical analysis of the Shannon index and the analysis of the core microbiota of the drainage¿s bacterial community revealed that it changed along the flow channel in structure and diversity. The community of the drainage presented one generalist OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit), identified as Meiothermus and no specialist OTU was founded. The microbiota of the drainage was basically formed by heterotrophic bacteria, with groups resistant to metals and salt and with the potential for degradation of a large number of xenobiotic compounds. Bacterial groups poorly characterized were also identified. Analyses of the soil samples revealed a heterogeneous bacterial community. Two generalist OTUs and two specialist OTUs were found. The soil microbiota was basically formed by heterotrophic bacteria, with some groups resistant to metals, however, much of the core microbiota of that environment remains poorly characterized. These findings contribute to the understanding of bacterial diversity in soils impacted by neutral mine drainage, and demonstrate that heavy metals play an important role in shaping the microbial community in mine environments (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/05429-2 - Evaluation of bacterial community associated with acid mine drainage by pyrosequencing
• Grantee: Letícia Bianca Pereira
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master