Study of enzymatic hydrolysis, microencapsulation and spray drying of mussel meat

Author(s)

Vanessa Martins da Silva

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
• Defense date: 2011-02-24

Examining board members

Miriam Dupas Hubinger; Elisabete Maria Macedo Viegas; Flavia Maria Netto; Javier Telis Romero; Louise Emy Kurozawa

• Advisor: Miriam Dupas Hubinger; Kil Jin Park

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the steps of enzymatic hydrolysis of mussel meat followed by spray drying, to obtain a powder mussel flavor that could be used as ingredient in products such as soups, sauces and drinks. The experimental plan was initiated by the study of enzymatic hydrolysis of mussel meat, using the enzyme ProtamexTM, in a central composite rotatable design 23 to evaluate the effects of the variables pH (6.7 to 8.3), enzyme to substrate ratio (0.48 to 5.52 %) and temperature (46 to 64 °C) on the degree of hydrolysis (% DH), the protein recovery (% PR) and the kinetics parameters of an empirical model, that describes the kinetics reaction. The optimal condition to obtain the maximum values of degree of hydrolysis and protein recovery was of pH of 6.85, enzyme to susbtrate ratio of 4.5 % and temperature of 51 °C, with 16.9 % of degree of hydrolysis and 64.4 % of protein recovery. The hydrolysate obtained at optimal condition was characterized by chemical composition, total amino acid, electrophoretic and volatiles profile, it was tentatively identified some alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. In the next step the flow curves of the hydrolysate, produced in the optimal condition of hydrolysis, added with maltodextrin or gum Arabic, in the feed concentration of spray dryer (0, 3, 5, 10, 15 e 30%) were determined; this fluid was characterized as Newtonian. Then, the hydrolysate was produced in 7 litres reactor and spray dried. A central composite rotatable design 23 was used to evaluate the influence of the carrier concentration (maltodextrin 10 DE or gum Arabic) from 5 to 15%, the feed flow rate from 0.4 to 1 L/h and the drying air temperature from 140 to 190 °C on some physico-chemical characteristics of powders as: water activity, moisture content, hygroscopicity, bulk density, particle diameter and yield drying process. The optimal condition of drying process, considering the minimum values of hygroscopicity and moisture content was of 15 % of carrier agent concentration, maltodextrin or gum Arabic, 180 °C and 0.8 L/h. The critical storage conditions were determined based on the adsorption isotherms and glass transition temperature of the microparticles. The glass transition temperature of the mussel hydrolysate increased with the addition of carrier agent, which increased powder physical stability. In the last step, the stability of volatiles was studied, during the storage at 25 °C for 120 days. The pure hydrolysate and produced with 15 % and 30 % of maltodextrin presented higher volatile losses than microparticles produced with 15 and 30 % of gum Arabic, which indicated a more effective protection of those components (AU)