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| Author(s): |
Lucas Denadai de Campos
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB) |
| Defense date: | 2022-04-18 |
| Examining board members: |
Silvio Shigueo Nihei;
Eliana Marques Cancello;
Francisco de Assis Ganeo de Mello;
Daniela Maeda Takiya
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| Advisor: | Silvio Shigueo Nihei; Laure Desutter Grandcolas |
| Abstract | |
Orthoptera, mainly known by crickets and grasshoppers, is distributed worldwide with almost 30,000 valid species. The order is considered the most diverse order within Polyneoptera. In Orthoptera, true crickets (Grylloidea) are frequently used as models for many areas of science as acoustic communication, behavior, ecology, and neurobiology. However, only a few studies are focused on a phylogenetic context since the number of phylogenetic hypotheses for this group is low. Besides, the acoustic communication of these insects is considered an essential element of their evolution. Although it is a subject constantly debated, only a few works are in a phylogenetic frame. In the first chapter of this thesis, we present a phylogenetic hypothesis for a new family of crickets, sister-group of Gryllidae n. def.: Oecanthidae n. status. The phylogenetic analyses are based on molecular and morphological data for maximum likelihood and parsimony criteria and molecular data for divergence times analysis (Bayesian inference). Were used 107 terminals from all biogeographic regions and six fossils to calibrate the phylogenetic tree. All analyses result in Oecanthidae n. status composed of four subfamilies: Euscyrtinae, Oecanthinae n. def., Podoscirtinae n. def., and Tafaliscinae n. def. n. status. We revise the definition and internal classification of subfamilies, supertribes (proposed herein), and tribes based on our results. Phyllogryllini n. tribe is defined. We also update the diagnosis of suprageneric groups, list their apomorphies, and list the genera of each tribe. An identification key is proposed for all taxonomic levels of Oecanthidae n. status plus all Tafaliscinae n. def., n. status genera. In Chapter 2, we use the phylogeny of Oecanthidae, based on molecular and morphological characters, to reconstruct the history of characters related to acoustic communication in crickets as forewings structures, the forewings itself, and tympana. In total, the history of six characters are analyzed. Our results demonstrate the loss of characters related to acoustic communication along the time independently for many taxa in this family of crickets. Several of these taxa are not able to use forewings to stridulate. We discuss the potential causes of losing the capacity of sound-producing and hearing and their alternatives for efficient communication not exclusively based on sounds. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 17/11568-9 - Cladistic analysis and evolution of forewings of crickets of subfamily Tafaliscinae sensu Desutter, 1987 (Orthoptera, Ensifera, Gryllidae) |
| Grantee: | Lucas Denadai de Campos |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |