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| Author(s): |
Teresa Gontijo de Castro
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP/CIR) |
| Defense date: | 2004-03-08 |
| Examining board members: |
Marly Augusto Cardoso;
Suely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno;
Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira Vivolo
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| Advisor: | Marly Augusto Cardoso |
| Abstract | |
Objective. To evaluate long-term changes in food intake and its potential impact on the levels of serum lipids in a cohort of Japanese-Brazilians living in Bauru, southeastern Brazil. Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were performed in 1993 and 2000 on a sample of first- (issei) and second-generation (nisei) Japanese-Brazilians (n = 328; issei = 108, nisei = 220) of both sexes, aged 40 to 79 years in 1993, living in Bauru. Both surveys examined clinical, biochemical and anthropometric parameters with standardized methods. Serum lipids were analyzed by enzymatic methods, while food intake was assessed by using food frequency questionnaires; dietary data were analyzed with the Dietsys software. Anthropometric indices, levels of blood pressure, serum lipids and dietary intake estimated for both surveys were compared with t tests separately for males and females. Correlation between dietary changes (unadjusted and adjusted by total calories) and differences in serum lipids was examined using Pearson correlation tests. Multiple linear regression models, with serum lipids differences as the dependent variable and differences in dietary intake as independent variables, were used to obtain β1 values (with 95% confidence interval 95% CI) with adjustment for confounding variables. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 10.0 and Epi-Info 6.04, with p = 0,05. Results. When both surveys were compared, a significant reduction in waist circumference was observed among women (p =0,000), as well as an increase in the levels of systolic blood pressure in both sexes (p =0,000). Changes in serum lipids were characterized by increased levels of HDL, VLDL and tryglicerides, decreased LDL cholesterol levels and no changes in total cholesterol. The percent of calories from dietary fat increasead by 16 % in both sexes (mean values in 2000: 31,5% for women and 30,8% for men). The main dietary changes consisted of: (a) an increase of 40% in the intake of oleic and linoleic acids and in the percent of calories from fat, (b) a reduction of 20% in dietary cholesterol in both sexes, (c) an increase in intake of oils and skimmed dairy products in both sexes, (d) a reduction in the consumption of beer and spirits among men and increase of that of beer and wine among women. A weak correlation between the magnitude of changes in dietary patterns and levels of serum lipids was usually found; the highest significant correlation coefficients were found for differences of red meat intake and levels of total and LDL cholesterol (r=0,245 and r = 0,272, respectively). Using multiple linear regression analyses, differences of serum total cholesterol were inversely correlated with differences of the intake of dietary fiber (β1 = -1,250; IC95% -2,061 a -0,437), fruits and fruit juices (β1 = -0,019; IC95% -0,033 a -0,053) and vegetables (β1 = -0,037; IC95% -0,075 a -0,0003. LDL cholesterol differences were inversely correlated with differences in fiber intake, after adjustment for sex and age (β1 = - 0,003; IC95% -0,005 a -0,0002). Conclusions. These results support are in agreement with those of previous cross-sectional studies and highlight the importance of increased intakes of fiber, fruits and vegetables to prevent and control dyslipidemia in Japanese-Brazilians. (AU) | |