Acute and chronic metabolic responses to physical exercise in normal-weight, obese and type 2 diabetic middle-aged people using the lipidomics approach

Author(s)

Renata Garbellini Duft

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Educação Física
• Defense date: 2022-12-05

Examining board members

Claudia Regina Cavaglieri; Alessandra Sussulini; Fábio Santos de Lira; Álvaro Reischak de Oliveira; Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt

• Advisor: Claudia Regina Cavaglieri

Abstract

Clinical lipidomics has been widely used in the study of lipid metabolism, which can be altered by chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The regular practice of physical exercise, especially combined training (CT), which combines the physiological benefits of aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) is an excellent non-pharmacological treatment for these metabolic diseases. However, it is not clear whether moderate-intensity physical exercise can alter the lipidomic profile of individuals with and without diseases, in acute and chronic interventions. This study aimed to analyse the acute responses to AT, RT, and CT, and the chronic metabolic responses to CT using lipidomics in normal-weight, obese and T2D individuals, without dietary intervention. A total of 127 middle-aged volunteers (40 to 60 years), of both sexes, with body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 34.9 kg/m² were selected. Functional analyses (strength (1RM) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max)), body composition (Plethysmography – BOD POD), anthropometry (weight, height, and circumferences), fasting blood samples were performed pre- and post-control and post-training moments. Acute sessions were performed at the end of the control period. The CT intervention consisted of RT (3 sets of 10-12 repetitions (50-75% of 1RM)) followed by AT (35 min at 50 - 70% of VO2max) in the same session, 3 times a week for 16 weeks. Lipidomic analyses were performed by direct injection into a mass spectrometer. The acute sessions promoted different metabolic responses, increasing and decreasing lipid species such as ceramides (Cer), ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CerPE), sphingomyelin (SM), triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol (DAG), gangliosides (GM3), fatty acids (FA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and cardiolipin (CL). The normal-weight and T2D groups presented combined metabolic effects of AT and RT in the CT session, while the obese group presented concurrence between training sessions. The acute session of CT and acute chronic (CTC) showed changes in the lipid species mobilized, confirming that chronic training alters the acute response to exercise. Chronic CT reduced species of Cer, hexosylceramides (HexCer), SM, ceramide phosphate (CerP), CerPE, GM3, FA, TAG, DAG, PC, and increased species of dihexosylceramide (Hex2Cer), LPC, PE, LPE, and CL. These lipid changes are related to the mechanisms by which exercise promoted an increase in VO2max, strength, free fat mass, and insulin sensitivity, in addition to a reduction in circumference, fat mass, blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (IR), which are essential to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular (CVD) and related diseases to obesity and diabetes, improving the health of volunteers, without dietary intervention (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/11033-8 - ACUTE AND CHRONIC METABOLIC RESPONSES TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN HEALTHY, OBESE, AND DIABETIC TYPE 2 MIDDLE AGED PEOPLE USING METABOLOMICS AND LIPIDOMICS APPROACHES
• Grantee: Renata Garbellini Duft
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate