Full text
| |
| Author(s): |
Fabio Márcio Alkmin
Total Authors: 1
|
| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2024-07-29 |
| Examining board members: |
Larissa Mies Bombardi;
Bernardo Mançano Fernandes;
Gaja Joanna Makaran Kubis
|
| Advisor: | Larissa Mies Bombardi; Guilherme Gitahy de Figueiredo |
| Abstract | |
Since the mid-1970s, indigenous organizations in Latin America have mobilized the principle of autonomy to resist the violent processes of capitalist exploitation and plunder. They assert themselves as collective subjects of rights, actively defending their territories and ways of life by strengthening self-determination and self-government. In Brazil, especially in the Amazon, understanding this process remains nascent despite the relevance of autonomies as mechanisms for territorialization and anti-colonial resistance by indigenous peoples. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon by analyzing the particularities of indigenous autonomies in the Brazilian Legal Amazon, especially after the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988. The theoretical approach adopted is materialist, historical, and dialectical, based on qualitative analyses of primary and secondary sources. The research included the analysis of documents from indigenous organizations, fieldwork in autonomous territories in Pará, Amazonas, and Mexico, and an extensive interdisciplinary literature review. Additionally, I researched documents in historical archives, analyzed audiovisual materials, and used satellite images to interpret autonomous territorial dynamics. As a result, I identified 13 different autonomy strategies developed by the Amazonian indigenous peoples, analyzed through a representation titled \"tree of autonomy.\" These strategies include self-demarcation, land reclaiming, territorial surveillance groups, community security, consultation protocols, autonomous education processes, among others. Furthermore, I argue that, from the perspective of indigenous peoples, colonialism is not a concluded historical event but a continuous process historically manifested as the modus operandi of the State and capitalism in the Amazon. I also highlight that this colonialism is intensified by the climate emergency and the financialization of nature within the scope of the green economy. I conclude by arguing that, although often invisibilized, autonomy is an anti-colonial praxis and an essential axiological principle for Amazonian indigenous peoples. This autonomous praxis is intrinsically socio-territorial and makes the territory both a product and a producer of such processes, thus conferring significant theoretical and political relevance to the geographical aspects of autonomies (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 18/22226-4 - Indigenous autonomies in the Brazilian Amazon: a socio-territorial panorama |
| Grantee: | Fábio Márcio Alkmin |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |